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d Z g dZeZdZdZdZddlZddlZ ddl
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Z G d de Z G d d e Z! G d d e Z" G d d!e" Z# G d" d#e e$ Z% G d$ d%e" Z& G d& d'e"e$ Z' G d( d)e Z( G d* d+e" Z) G d, d-e Z* G d. d/e Z+ G d0 d1e(e* Z, G d2 d3e(e*e+ Z- G d4 d5e e. Z/e!e%e(e,e*e-e"e+e/g Z0e#e"e&e"e'e"e)e"iZ1eeeeeeeefZ2ddl3Z3 e3j4 d6 Z5 e6g d7 Z7d8 Z8d9 Z9[3dud:Z: G d; dZ=e j> ? e< G d? d@e; Z@ G dA dBe; ZA G dC dDe; ZBdwdEZCeDjE ZFdF ZGdG ZHdH ZIdI ZJdxdKZKdL ZLdM ZM G dN dOe; ZN eN jO ZPdxdPZQdQ ZRdR ZSdSdTdUdVdWdXdYdZd[d\ fd]ZTdyd^ZUdvd_ZV eAd`ee%e,e"gg dadbddc ZW eAddee%e,e"e!e-gg e ZX eAddeg g e ZYddlZZZ eZj[ dfeZj\ eZj] z j^ Z_ eZj[ dg j^ Z` eZj[ dh j^ Za eZj[ dieZj\ eZjb z Zc[Z ddldZen # e$ r Y nw xY wdudjZfdk Zgdl ZhdzdmZidn Zjdo Zk e>> from decimal import *
>>> setcontext(ExtendedContext)
>>> Decimal(0)
Decimal('0')
>>> Decimal('1')
Decimal('1')
>>> Decimal('-.0123')
Decimal('-0.0123')
>>> Decimal(123456)
Decimal('123456')
>>> Decimal('123.45e12345678')
Decimal('1.2345E+12345680')
>>> Decimal('1.33') + Decimal('1.27')
Decimal('2.60')
>>> Decimal('12.34') + Decimal('3.87') - Decimal('18.41')
Decimal('-2.20')
>>> dig = Decimal(1)
>>> print(dig / Decimal(3))
0.333333333
>>> getcontext().prec = 18
>>> print(dig / Decimal(3))
0.333333333333333333
>>> print(dig.sqrt())
1
>>> print(Decimal(3).sqrt())
1.73205080756887729
>>> print(Decimal(3) ** 123)
4.85192780976896427E+58
>>> inf = Decimal(1) / Decimal(0)
>>> print(inf)
Infinity
>>> neginf = Decimal(-1) / Decimal(0)
>>> print(neginf)
-Infinity
>>> print(neginf + inf)
NaN
>>> print(neginf * inf)
-Infinity
>>> print(dig / 0)
Infinity
>>> getcontext().traps[DivisionByZero] = 1
>>> print(dig / 0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
...
...
decimal.DivisionByZero: x / 0
>>> c = Context()
>>> c.traps[InvalidOperation] = 0
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
0
>>> c.divide(Decimal(0), Decimal(0))
Decimal('NaN')
>>> c.traps[InvalidOperation] = 1
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
1
>>> c.flags[InvalidOperation] = 0
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
0
>>> print(c.divide(Decimal(0), Decimal(0)))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
...
...
decimal.InvalidOperation: 0 / 0
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
1
>>> c.flags[InvalidOperation] = 0
>>> c.traps[InvalidOperation] = 0
>>> print(c.divide(Decimal(0), Decimal(0)))
NaN
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
1
>>>
)%DecimalContext DecimalTupleDefaultContext BasicContextExtendedContextDecimalExceptionClampedInvalidOperationDivisionByZeroInexactRounded SubnormalOverflow UnderflowFloatOperationDivisionImpossibleInvalidContextConversionSyntaxDivisionUndefined
ROUND_DOWN
ROUND_HALF_UPROUND_HALF_EVEN
ROUND_CEILING ROUND_FLOORROUND_UPROUND_HALF_DOWN
ROUND_05UP
setcontext
getcontext localcontextMAX_PRECMAX_EMAXMIN_EMIN MIN_ETINY HAVE_THREADSHAVE_CONTEXTVARdecimalz1.70z2.4.2 N)
namedtupler zsign digits exponentc | S N )argss 1/opt/alt/python311/lib64/python3.11/_pydecimal.pyr/ s r r r r r r r r Tl l NZolNZoi@Ti c e Zd ZdZd ZdS )r a1 Base exception class.
Used exceptions derive from this.
If an exception derives from another exception besides this (such as
Underflow (Inexact, Rounded, Subnormal) that indicates that it is only
called if the others are present. This isn't actually used for
anything, though.
handle -- Called when context._raise_error is called and the
trap_enabler is not set. First argument is self, second is the
context. More arguments can be given, those being after
the explanation in _raise_error (For example,
context._raise_error(NewError, '(-x)!', self._sign) would
call NewError().handle(context, self._sign).)
To define a new exception, it should be sufficient to have it derive
from DecimalException.
c d S r+ r, selfcontextr- s r. handlezDecimalException.handle s r0 N__name__
__module__ __qualname____doc__r7 r, r0 r. r r s- $
r0 r c e Zd ZdZdS )r a) Exponent of a 0 changed to fit bounds.
This occurs and signals clamped if the exponent of a result has been
altered in order to fit the constraints of a specific concrete
representation. This may occur when the exponent of a zero result would
be outside the bounds of a representation, or when a large normal
number would have an encoded exponent that cannot be represented. In
this latter case, the exponent is reduced to fit and the corresponding
number of zero digits are appended to the coefficient ("fold-down").
Nr9 r: r; r< r, r0 r. r r r0 r c e Zd ZdZd ZdS )r
a0 An invalid operation was performed.
Various bad things cause this:
Something creates a signaling NaN
-INF + INF
0 * (+-)INF
(+-)INF / (+-)INF
x % 0
(+-)INF % x
x._rescale( non-integer )
sqrt(-x) , x > 0
0 ** 0
x ** (non-integer)
x ** (+-)INF
An operand is invalid
The result of the operation after these is a quiet positive NaN,
except when the cause is a signaling NaN, in which case the result is
also a quiet NaN, but with the original sign, and an optional
diagnostic information.
c |r=t |d j |d j dd }| | S t S )Nr( nT)_dec_from_triple_sign_int_fix_nan_NaN)r5 r6 r- anss r. r7 zInvalidOperation.handle s@ )"47=$q',TJJC<<(( ( r0 Nr8 r, r0 r. r
r
s- , r0 r
c e Zd ZdZd ZdS )r zTrying to convert badly formed string.
This occurs and signals invalid-operation if a string is being
converted to a number and it does not conform to the numeric string
syntax. The result is [0,qNaN].
c t S r+ rG r4 s r. r7 zConversionSyntax.handle r0 Nr8 r, r0 r. r r s- r0 r c e Zd ZdZd ZdS )r a Division by 0.
This occurs and signals division-by-zero if division of a finite number
by zero was attempted (during a divide-integer or divide operation, or a
power operation with negative right-hand operand), and the dividend was
not zero.
The result of the operation is [sign,inf], where sign is the exclusive
or of the signs of the operands for divide, or is 1 for an odd power of
-0, for power.
c t | S r+ )_SignedInfinityr5 r6 signr- s r. r7 zDivisionByZero.handle s
t$$r0 Nr8 r, r0 r. r r
s-
% % % % %r0 r c e Zd ZdZd ZdS )r zCannot perform the division adequately.
This occurs and signals invalid-operation if the integer result of a
divide-integer or remainder operation had too many digits (would be
longer than precision). The result is [0,qNaN].
c t S r+ rK r4 s r. r7 zDivisionImpossible.handle" rL r0 Nr8 r, r0 r. r r - r0 r c e Zd ZdZd ZdS )r zUndefined result of division.
This occurs and signals invalid-operation if division by zero was
attempted (during a divide-integer, divide, or remainder operation), and
the dividend is also zero. The result is [0,qNaN].
c t S r+ rK r4 s r. r7 zDivisionUndefined.handle- rL r0 Nr8 r, r0 r. r r % rT r0 r c e Zd ZdZdS )r a Had to round, losing information.
This occurs and signals inexact whenever the result of an operation is
not exact (that is, it needed to be rounded and any discarded digits
were non-zero), or if an overflow or underflow condition occurs. The
result in all cases is unchanged.
The inexact signal may be tested (or trapped) to determine if a given
operation (or sequence of operations) was inexact.
Nr> r, r0 r. r r 0 r? r0 r c e Zd ZdZd ZdS )r a Invalid context. Unknown rounding, for example.
This occurs and signals invalid-operation if an invalid context was
detected during an operation. This can occur if contexts are not checked
on creation and either the precision exceeds the capability of the
underlying concrete representation or an unknown or unsupported rounding
was specified. These aspects of the context need only be checked when
the values are required to be used. The result is [0,qNaN].
c t S r+ rK r4 s r. r7 zInvalidContext.handleG rL r0 Nr8 r, r0 r. r r < s- r0 r c e Zd ZdZdS )r
a Number got rounded (not necessarily changed during rounding).
This occurs and signals rounded whenever the result of an operation is
rounded (that is, some zero or non-zero digits were discarded from the
coefficient), or if an overflow or underflow condition occurs. The
result in all cases is unchanged.
The rounded signal may be tested (or trapped) to determine if a given
operation (or sequence of operations) caused a loss of precision.
Nr> r, r0 r. r
r
J r? r0 r
c e Zd ZdZdS )r a Exponent < Emin before rounding.
This occurs and signals subnormal whenever the result of a conversion or
operation is subnormal (that is, its adjusted exponent is less than
Emin, before any rounding). The result in all cases is unchanged.
The subnormal signal may be tested (or trapped) to determine if a given
or operation (or sequence of operations) yielded a subnormal result.
Nr> r, r0 r. r r V s r0 r c e Zd ZdZd ZdS )r a Numerical overflow.
This occurs and signals overflow if the adjusted exponent of a result
(from a conversion or from an operation that is not an attempt to divide
by zero), after rounding, would be greater than the largest value that
can be handled by the implementation (the value Emax).
The result depends on the rounding mode:
For round-half-up and round-half-even (and for round-half-down and
round-up, if implemented), the result of the operation is [sign,inf],
where sign is the sign of the intermediate result. For round-down, the
result is the largest finite number that can be represented in the
current precision, with the sign of the intermediate result. For
round-ceiling, the result is the same as for round-down if the sign of
the intermediate result is 1, or is [0,inf] otherwise. For round-floor,
the result is the same as for round-down if the sign of the intermediate
result is 0, or is [1,inf] otherwise. In all cases, Inexact and Rounded
will also be raised.
c |j t t t t fv r
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dz S d S )Nr( 9r1 ) roundingr r r r rO r rC precEmaxr rP s r. r7 zOverflow.handlew s
/ ; ; ;"4( ( 199 =00&t,,#D#gl*: #L 5a 79 9
9 199 ;..&t,,#D#gl*: $\', 6q 8: :
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:
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:r0 r c e Zd ZdZdS )r ax Numerical underflow with result rounded to 0.
This occurs and signals underflow if a result is inexact and the
adjusted exponent of the result would be smaller (more negative) than
the smallest value that can be handled by the implementation (the value
Emin). That is, the result is both inexact and subnormal.
The result after an underflow will be a subnormal number rounded, if
necessary, so that its exponent is not less than Etiny. This may result
in 0 with the sign of the intermediate result and an exponent of Etiny.
In all cases, Inexact, Rounded, and Subnormal will also be raised.
Nr> r, r0 r. r r r0 r c e Zd ZdZdS )r a Enable stricter semantics for mixing floats and Decimals.
If the signal is not trapped (default), mixing floats and Decimals is
permitted in the Decimal() constructor, context.create_decimal() and
all comparison operators. Both conversion and comparisons are exact.
Any occurrence of a mixed operation is silently recorded by setting
FloatOperation in the context flags. Explicit conversions with
Decimal.from_float() or context.create_decimal_from_float() do not
set the flag.
Otherwise (the signal is trapped), only equality comparisons and explicit
conversions are silent. All other mixed operations raise FloatOperation.
Nr> r, r0 r. r r rc r0 r decimal_context)r` Eminra capitalsclampr_ flagstrapsc t S # t $ r- t } t | | cY S w xY w)zReturns this thread's context.
If this thread does not yet have a context, returns
a new context and sets this thread's context.
New contexts are copies of DefaultContext.
)_current_context_varget LookupErrorr setr6 s r. r r sZ #''))) )) )))s 4AAc | t t t fv r(| } | t
| dS )z%Set this thread's context to context.N)r r r copy clear_flagsrl ro rp s r. r r sM >< AAA,,.. W%%%%%r0 c | t } t | }| D ]7\ }}|t vrt d| d t |j || 8|S )ab Return a context manager for a copy of the supplied context
Uses a copy of the current context if no context is specified
The returned context manager creates a local decimal context
in a with statement:
def sin(x):
with localcontext() as ctx:
ctx.prec += 2
# Rest of sin calculation algorithm
# uses a precision 2 greater than normal
return +s # Convert result to normal precision
def sin(x):
with localcontext(ExtendedContext):
# Rest of sin calculation algorithm
# uses the Extended Context from the
# General Decimal Arithmetic Specification
return +s # Convert result to normal context
>>> setcontext(DefaultContext)
>>> print(getcontext().prec)
28
>>> with localcontext():
... ctx = getcontext()
... ctx.prec += 2
... print(ctx.prec)
...
30
>>> with localcontext(ExtendedContext):
... print(getcontext().prec)
...
9
>>> print(getcontext().prec)
28
N'z2' is an invalid keyword argument for this function)r _ContextManageritems_context_attributes TypeErrorsetattr new_context)ctxkwargs ctx_managerkeyvalues r. r r s H {ll!#&&K llnn 5 5
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e Zd ZdZdZd}dZed Zd Zd Z d~d Z
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ZddZddZddZddZddZd Zd Zd Zd ZddZddZddZddZdd Z dd Z e Z dd Z dd Z dd!Z!e!Z"dd"Z#d# Z$dd$Z%dd%Z&dd&Z'dd'Z(dd(Z)dd)Z*dd*Z+dd+Z,d, Z-d- Z.e.Z/e0d. Z1e0d/ Z2d0 Z3d1 Z4d2 Z5d3 Z6d4 Z7d5 Z8d6 Z9d7 Z:d8 Z;d9 Z e?e7e8e9e:e;e< Z@dd=ZAd> ZBd? ZCdd@ZDddAZEdB ZFd~dCZGddDZHddEZId~dFZJddGZKdH ZLdI ZMd~dJZNd~dKZOeOZPddLZQddMZRddNZSdO ZTdP ZUdQ ZVdR ZWddSZXddTZYddUZZdV Z[dW Z\ddXZ]ddYZ^dZ Z_d[ Z`d\ Zad] Zbdd^Zcd_ Zdd` Zeda ZfddbZgdc Zhdd ZiddeZjdf ZkddgZlddhZmdi Zndj ZoddkZpddlZqddmZrddnZsddoZtddpZuddqZvddrZwddsZxddtZydu ZzddvZ{ddwZ|ddxZ}dy Z~dz Zd{ Zd~d|ZdS )r z,Floating point class for decimal arithmetic.)_exprE rD _is_special0Nc x
t | }t |t rt | dd }|.|t }| t d|z S |
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|_ nt3 d |S t |t: rw|t }| t< d t& | }|j |_ |j |_ |j
|_
|j |_ |S tA d |z ) a Create a decimal point instance.
>>> Decimal('3.14') # string input
Decimal('3.14')
>>> Decimal((0, (3, 1, 4), -2)) # tuple (sign, digit_tuple, exponent)
Decimal('3.14')
>>> Decimal(314) # int
Decimal('314')
>>> Decimal(Decimal(314)) # another decimal instance
Decimal('314')
>>> Decimal(' 3.14 \n') # leading and trailing whitespace okay
Decimal('3.14')
_ Nz Invalid literal for Decimal: %rrQ -r1 r( intfracexpr FdiagsignalNrB FT ztInvalid tuple size in creation of Decimal from list or tuple. The list or tuple should have exactly three elements.r( r1 z|Invalid sign. The first value in the tuple should be an integer; either 0 for a positive number or 1 for a negative number. zTThe second value in the tuple must be composed of integers in the range 0 through 9.rB r zUThe third value in the tuple must be an integer, or one of the strings 'F', 'n', 'N'.;strict semantics for mixing floats and Decimals are enabledz Cannot convert %r to Decimal)!object__new__
isinstancestr_parserstripreplacer _raise_errorr grouprD r rE lenr r lstripabsr _WorkReprQ r listtuple
ValueErrorappendjoinmapfloatr
from_floatry ) clsr r6 r5 mintpartfracpartr r digitsdigits r. r zDecimal.__new__ s . ~~c"" eS ! ! "
--c26677Ay? (llG ++,< AE IK K K wwv#%%
ggennG" 776??0b!''%../C00 GH$4 5 5 6 6 #h-- / #( wwv# #C $4$4 5 5 < ? ? ? K eU # # $,,
&&u--E DI DJ DI % 1D K6>???r0 c t t |t r)|dk rdnd}d}t t | }nt |t rt j | st j | r | t | S t j d| dk rd}nd}t |
\ }}| dz
}t |d|z z }nt d t ||| }| t u r|S | | S )a. Converts a float to a decimal number, exactly.
Note that Decimal.from_float(0.1) is not the same as Decimal('0.1').
Since 0.1 is not exactly representable in binary floating point, the
value is stored as the nearest representable value which is
0x1.999999999999ap-4. The exact equivalent of the value in decimal
is 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625.
>>> Decimal.from_float(0.1)
Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')
>>> Decimal.from_float(float('nan'))
Decimal('NaN')
>>> Decimal.from_float(float('inf'))
Decimal('Infinity')
>>> Decimal.from_float(-float('inf'))
Decimal('-Infinity')
>>> Decimal.from_float(-0.0)
Decimal('-0')
r( r1 g ? z argument must be int or float.)r r r r r _mathisinfisnanreprcopysignas_integer_ratio
bit_lengthry rC r )r frQ kcoeffrB dresults r. r zDecimal.from_float s' , a >Q11ADAAKKEE
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$s477||#~c1%%,,q66**,,DAq "A!Q$KKEE <== =!$r22 '>>M3v;; r0 c B | j r| j }|dk rdS |dk rdS dS )zrReturns whether the number is not actually one.
0 if a number
1 if NaN
2 if sNaN
rB r1 r r r( )r r )r5 r s r. _isnanzDecimal._isnan s7 )Cczzqqqr0 c 2 | j dk r | j rdS dS dS )zyReturns whether the number is infinite
0 if finite or not a number
1 if +INF
-1 if -INF
r r1 r( )r rD r5 s r. _isinfinityzDecimal._isinfinity s* 9 z
r1qr0 c h | }|d}n| }|s|r|t }|dk r | t d| S |dk r | t d| S |r| | S | | S dS )zReturns whether the number is not actually one.
if self, other are sNaN, signal
if self, other are NaN return nan
return 0
Done before operations.
NFr sNaNr( )r r r r
rF )r5 otherr6 self_is_nan other_is_nans r. _check_nanszDecimal._check_nans s kkmm = LL <<>>L
+,
+$,,a ++,>'** *qr0 c |t }| j s|j r| r | t d| S | r | t d| S | r | t d| S | r | t d| S dS )aC Version of _check_nans used for the signaling comparisons
compare_signal, __le__, __lt__, __ge__, __gt__.
Signal InvalidOperation if either self or other is a (quiet
or signaling) NaN. Signaling NaNs take precedence over quiet
NaNs.
Return 0 if neither operand is a NaN.
Nzcomparison involving sNaNzcomparison involving NaNr( )r r is_snanr r
is_qnanr5 r r6 s r. _compare_check_nanszDecimal._compare_check_nans s ? llG 3u 0 3||~~
3 ++,<,G,02 2 2
3 ++,<,G,13 3 3
3 ++,<,F,02 2 2
3 ++,<,F,13 3 3 qr0 c & | j p
| j dk S )zuReturn True if self is nonzero; otherwise return False.
NaNs and infinities are considered nonzero.
r r rE r s r. __bool__zDecimal.__bool__4 s
349#33r0 c T | j s|j r:| }| }||k rdS ||k rdS dS | s|sdS d|j z S |s
d| j z S |j | j k rdS | j |j k rdS | }| }||k rW| j d| j |j z
z z }|j d|j | j z
z z }||k rdS ||k r d| j z S d| j z S ||k r
d| j z S d| j z S )zCompare the two non-NaN decimal instances self and other.
Returns -1 if self < other, 0 if self == other and 1
if self > other. This routine is for internal use only.r( r r1 r )r r rD adjustedrE r )r5 r self_inf other_inf
self_adjustedother_adjusted self_padded other_paddeds r. _cmpz Decimal._cmp; s u 0 ''))H ))++I9$$qI%%rq ,
,q u{*++ $# # ; # #2 : # #1
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+
+# #4:%& &r0 c t | |d \ } }|t u r|S | || rdS | | dk S )NT) equality_opFr( )_convert_for_comparisonNotImplementedr r r s r. __eq__zDecimal.__eq__{ s^ -dEtLLL e N " "L E7 + + 5yy 1$$r0 c t | | \ } }|t u r|S | || }|rdS | | dk S NFr( r r r r r5 r r6 rH s r. __lt__zDecimal.__lt__ ^ -dE:: e N " "L&&ug66 5yy !##r0 c t | | \ } }|t u r|S | || }|rdS | | dk S r r r s r. __le__zDecimal.__le__ ^ -dE:: e N " "L&&ug66 5yy 1$$r0 c t | | \ } }|t u r|S | || }|rdS | | dk S r r r s r. __gt__zDecimal.__gt__ r r0 c t | | \ } }|t u r|S | || }|rdS | | dk S r r r s r. __ge__zDecimal.__ge__ r r0 c t |d }| j s |r!|j r| || }|r|S t | | S )zCompare self to other. Return a decimal value:
a or b is a NaN ==> Decimal('NaN')
a < b ==> Decimal('-1')
a == b ==> Decimal('0')
a > b ==> Decimal('1')
Traiseit)_convert_otherr r r r r s r. comparezDecimal.compare sp ud333
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tyy''(((r0 c | j rg| rt d | rt | S | j rt S t S | j dk r t d| j t }n!t t | j t }t | j
|z t z }| dk r|n| }|dk rdn|S )zx.__hash__() <==> hash(x)z"Cannot hash a signaling NaN value.r(
r )r r ry is_nanr __hash__rD _PyHASH_INFr pow_PyHASH_MODULUS
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' DEEE
' t,,,: ' '<'&& 9>>2ty/::HH=49*oFFHDI)O;qyyeeufBYYrrC'r0 c t | j t t t | j | j S )zeRepresents the number as a triple tuple.
To show the internals exactly as they are.
)r rD r r r rE r r s r. as_tuplezDecimal.as_tuple s.
DJc#ty.A.A(B(BDINNNr0 c | j r2| rt d t d | sdS t | j }| j dk r|d| j z z d}}nu| j }|dk r"|dz dk r|dz }|dz }|dk r |dz dk | j }t || z dz
| }|r
||z }||z }d|z |z }| j r| }||fS )a Express a finite Decimal instance in the form n / d.
Returns a pair (n, d) of integers. When called on an infinity
or NaN, raises OverflowError or ValueError respectively.
>>> Decimal('3.14').as_integer_ratio()
(157, 50)
>>> Decimal('-123e5').as_integer_ratio()
(-12300000, 1)
>>> Decimal('0.00').as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)
z#cannot convert NaN to integer ratioz(cannot convert Infinity to integer ratior r( r r1 r )
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Nz (+-)INF * 0z 0 * (+-)INFr 1)r r r rD r r r r r
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r r r( r z%quotient too large in //, % or divmod)rD r r r r rC r# r_ r` r r r r4 r r r ) r5 r r6 rQ r7 expdiffr& r' qrrH s r. _dividezDecimal._divideq s zEK' 3 IIDIuz22I--//ENN$4$44 @u((** @gmm$T322MM)W-=>>@
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.$$W---J , + + + =A $)d"2"2 ) ) ) )c49t+;&<>> round(Decimal('123.456'))
123
>>> round(Decimal('-456.789'))
-457
>>> round(Decimal('-3.0'))
-3
>>> round(Decimal('2.5'))
2
>>> round(Decimal('3.5'))
4
>>> round(Decimal('Inf'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: cannot round an infinity
>>> round(Decimal('NaN'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: cannot round a NaN
If a second argument n is supplied, self is rounded to n
decimal places using the rounding mode for the current
context.
For an integer n, round(self, -n) is exactly equivalent to
self.quantize(Decimal('1En')).
>>> round(Decimal('123.456'), 0)
Decimal('123')
>>> round(Decimal('123.456'), 2)
Decimal('123.46')
>>> round(Decimal('123.456'), -2)
Decimal('1E+2')
>>> round(Decimal('-Infinity'), 37)
Decimal('NaN')
>>> round(Decimal('sNaN123'), 0)
Decimal('NaN123')
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r r( r. r1 N)
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If no rounding mode is specified, take the rounding mode from
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See also: to_integral_value, which does exactly the same as
this method except that it doesn't raise Inexact or Rounded.
rp r( r ) r r r r rC rD r r_ r# r r r
r5 r_ r6 rH s r. to_integral_exactzDecimal.to_integral_exactw
s !""7"33C
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s ? llG 'H !""7"33C
4== 9>>4== ==H-- -r0 c B |t }| j rH| | }|r|S | r| j dk rt | S | s3t
| j d| j dz }| | S | j dk r| t d S |j dz }t | }|j
dz }|j
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} nt# |d | z \ }}
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}n| d z dk r| dz
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dt% | | }| }| t* }
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r` r r r r rE r4 r
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s| ? llG %""7"33C
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Like max(self, other) except if one is not a number, returns
NaN (and signals if one is sNaN). Also rounds.
Tr Nr1 r( r r r r r r r r
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s ud333 ? llG
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Like min(self, other) except if one is not a number, returns
NaN (and signals if one is sNaN). Also rounds.
Tr Nr1 r( r r r s r. r z Decimal.min4 s ud333 ? llG
8u 0
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877rQww 99W---77rQww ::g...''w777 IIe 66""5))A 77CCCxx r0 c | j rdS | j dk rdS | j | j d }|dt | z k S )z"Returns whether self is an integerFr( TNr )r r rE r )r5 rests r. r zDecimal._isintegerV sI 5 9>>4y$s3t99}$$r0 c N | r | j dk rdS | j d| j z dv S )z:Returns True if self is even. Assumes self is an integer.r( Tr r )r rE r s r. r zDecimal._iseven_ s1 ty1}}4yDI &'11r0 c d | j t | j z dz
S # t $ r Y dS w xY w)z$Return the adjusted exponent of selfr1 r( )r r rE ry r s r. r zDecimal.adjustede sC 9s49~~-1 1 11 s !
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As we do not have different encodings for the same number, the
received object already is in its canonical form.
r, r s r. canonicalzDecimal.canonicalm s r0 c t |d }| || }|r|S | || S )zCompares self to the other operand numerically.
It's pretty much like compare(), but all NaNs signal, with signaling
NaNs taking precedence over quiet NaNs.
Tr rp )r r r r s r. compare_signalzDecimal.compare_signalu sN u555&&ug66 J||E7|333r0 c T t |d }| j r|j st S | j s|j rt S | j }| }| }|s|r||k rit | j | j f}t |j |j f}||k r|rt S t S ||k r|rt S t S t S |r5|dk rt S |dk rt S |dk rt S |dk rt S n4|dk rt S |dk rt S |dk rt S |dk rt S | |k rt S | |k rt S | j |j k r|rt S t S | j |j k r|rt S t S t S )zCompares self to other using the abstract representations.
This is not like the standard compare, which use their numerical
value. Note that a total ordering is defined for all possible abstract
representations.
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$ ## 9uz ! !
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Like compare_total, but with operand's sign ignored and assumed to be 0.
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dz dz k r't dd|
dz
}n| j dk r&|| k r t ddd|dz
z z dz | }n| j dk r&|| dz
k r t dd |dz z | dz
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dz
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r r r r_ s r. r z Decimal.exp s ? llG w // J # #L K " "4==
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r0 c dS )zReturn True if self is canonical; otherwise return False.
Currently, the encoding of a Decimal instance is always
canonical, so this method returns True for any Decimal.
Tr, r s r. is_canonicalzDecimal.is_canonical1 s tr0 c | j S )zReturn True if self is finite; otherwise return False.
A Decimal instance is considered finite if it is neither
infinite nor a NaN.
)r r s r. is_finitezDecimal.is_finite9 s ###r0 c | j dk S )z8Return True if self is infinite; otherwise return False.r r r s r. r zDecimal.is_infiniteA yC r0 c | j dv S )z>Return True if self is a qNaN or sNaN; otherwise return False.r r r s r. r zDecimal.is_nanE s yJ&&r0 c r | j s| sdS |t }|j | k S )z?Return True if self is a normal number; otherwise return False.F)r r rf r r s r. is_normalzDecimal.is_normalI s< 4 5 ? llG|t}}..r0 c | j dk S )z;Return True if self is a quiet NaN; otherwise return False.rB r r s r. r zDecimal.is_qnanQ r
r0 c | j dk S )z8Return True if self is negative; otherwise return False.r1 )rD r s r. is_signedzDecimal.is_signedU s zQ r0 c | j dk S )z?Return True if self is a signaling NaN; otherwise return False.r r r s r. r zDecimal.is_snanY r
r0 c r | j s| sdS |t }| |j k S )z9Return True if self is subnormal; otherwise return False.F)r r r rf r s r. is_subnormalzDecimal.is_subnormal] s< 4 5 ? llG}} --r0 c ( | j o
| j dk S )z6Return True if self is a zero; otherwise return False.r r r s r. is_zerozDecimal.is_zeroe s ##8 S(88r0 c | j t | j z dz
}|dk r%t t |dz dz dz
S |dk r(t t d|z
dz dz dz
S t | }|j |j }}|dk rKt |d| z z
}t | }t | t | z
||k z
S |t t d| z |z
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S )zCompute a lower bound for the adjusted exponent of self.ln().
In other words, compute r such that self.ln() >= 10**r. Assumes
that self is finite and positive and that self != 1.
r1 r r r r( r r rE r r r r r5 r r r r
numdens r.
_ln_exp_boundzDecimal._ln_exp_boundi s i#di..(1, !88s3r62:''!+ + "99sBsFB;?++,,q0 0
d^^vrv1 !88aQBh--Ca&&Cs88c#hh&#)4 43s2r6A:'''!++r0 c
F |t }| | }|r|S | st S | dk rt S | t
k rt S | j dk r| t d S t | }|j |j }}|j
}|| z
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k t# t% | | }| }| t, } | | }| |_ |S ) z/Returns the natural (base e) logarithm of self.Nrp r1 zln of a negative valuer Tr r r r( )r r _NegativeInfinityr _Infinityr r rD r r
r r r r` r _dlogr r r rC r r r r r_
r5 r6 rH r r r
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r. lnz
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r0 c & | j t | j z dz
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S ) zCompute a lower bound for the adjusted exponent of self.log10().
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Assumes that self is finite and positive and that self != 1.
r1 r r r( r r 231r r s r. r zDecimal._log10_exp_bound s i#di..(1, !88s3xx==? " "99s2c6{{##A% %
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|t }| | }|r|S | st S | dk rt S | j dk r| t d S | j d dk rX| j dd dt | j dz
z k r-t | j t | j z dz
}nt | }|j
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d t t% t' | |z
dz
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z&Returns the base 10 logarithm of self.Nrp r1 zlog10 of a negative valuer( r. r r Tr r r )r r r r r rD r r
rE r r r r r r r` r _dlog10r r rC r r r r r_ r! s
r. log10z
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| }| | S )aM Returns the exponent of the magnitude of self's MSD.
The result is the integer which is the exponent of the magnitude
of the most significant digit of self (as though it were truncated
to a single digit while maintaining the value of that digit and
without limiting the resulting exponent).
rp Nzlogb(0)r1 ) r r r r r r r r r r s r. logbz Decimal.logb
s w // J ? llG F'' 1EE E
dmmoo&&xx r0 c X | j dk s | j dk rdS | j D ] }|dvr dS
dS )zReturn True if self is a logical operand.
For being logical, it must be a finite number with a sign of 0,
an exponent of 0, and a coefficient whose digits must all be
either 0 or 1.
r( F01T)rD r rE )r5 digs r.
_islogicalzDecimal._islogical#
sI :??di1nn59 C$ uu tr0 c |j t | z
}|dk r d|z |z }n|dk r||j d }|j t | z
}|dk r d|z |z }n|dk r||j d }||fS )Nr( r )r` r )r5 r6 opaopbdifs r.
_fill_logicalzDecimal._fill_logical1
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d pdd S )z;Applies an 'and' operation between self and other's digits.NTr r c l g | ]1\ }}t t | t | z 2S r, r r .0r bs r.
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r3 rE r ziprC r r5 r r6 r0 r1 r s r. logical_andzDecimal.logical_and>
? llG ud333 :(8(8(:(: :''(899 9 ''EJGG
c EEC EEEFF 6==#5#5#<a@@@r0 c | |t }| t dd|j z d | S )zInvert all its digits.Nr( r. )r logical_xorrC r` r s r. logical_invertzDecimal.logical_invertO
sA ? llG 03w|3CA F F ') ) )r0 c |t }t |d }| r| s| t S | || j |j \ }}d d t || D }t d|
d pdd S )z:Applies an 'or' operation between self and other's digits.NTr r c l g | ]1\ }}t t | t | z 2S r, r6 r7 s r. r: z&Decimal.logical_or..d
r; r0 r( r r< r> s r.
logical_orzDecimal.logical_orV
r@ r0 c |t }t |d }| r| s| t S | || j |j \ }}d d t || D }t d|
d pdd S )z;Applies an 'xor' operation between self and other's digits.NTr r c l g | ]1\ }}t t | t | z 2S r, r6 r7 s r. r: z'Decimal.logical_xor..u
r; r0 r( r r< r> s r. rB zDecimal.logical_xorg
r@ r0 c P t |d }|t }| j s|j r| }| }|s|rX|dk r|dk r| | S |dk r|dk r| | S | || S | | }|dk r| | }|dk r|}n| }| | S z8Compares the values numerically with their sign ignored.Tr Nr1 r( r r r r r r r r r r r s r. max_magzDecimal.max_magx
s& ud333 ? llG
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s& ud333 ? llG
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| | }|| k r|S | t dd|
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| S )z=Returns the largest representable number smaller than itself.Nrp r r1 r( r^ r. )r r r r rC r` rj rr r r _ignore_all_flagsr r* r3 r5 r6 rH new_selfs r.
next_minuszDecimal.next_minus
s ? llG w // J # #$ $ " "#As7<'7 HH H,,.. k***!!###99W%% t O|| ,QW]]__Q5F G G #% % %r0 c L |t }| | }|r|S | dk rt S | dk r+t dd|j z | S | }| t |
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| S )z=Returns the smallest representable number larger than itself.Nrp r1 r r^ r( r. )r r r r rC r` rj rr r r rP r r( r3 rQ s r. next_pluszDecimal.next_plus
s ? llG w // J " " # ##As7<'7 HH H,,.. m,,,!!###99W%% t O|| ,QW]]__Q5F G G #% % %r0 c T t |d }|t }| || }|r|S | | }|dk r| | S |dk r| | }n| | }| rV| t d|j
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|j k r| t | t | t | t |s| t" |S )a Returns the number closest to self, in the direction towards other.
The result is the closest representable number to self
(excluding self) that is in the direction towards other,
unless both have the same value. If the two operands are
numerically equal, then the result is a copy of self with the
sign set to be the same as the sign of other.
Tr Nr( r z Infinite result from next_toward)r r r r r rU rS r r r rD r r
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S dS )a Returns an indication of the class of self.
The class is one of the following strings:
sNaN
NaN
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-Normal
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-Zero
+Zero
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r r
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| d pd| j S )z5Returns a rotated copy of self, value-of-other times.NTr r( r r r r r r r
r` r r r rE r rC rD r )r5 r r6 rH torotrotdigtopadrotateds r. rotatezDecimal.rotate> sh ? llG ud333 ug.. J :??''(899 9
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| j t | z }| | }|S )z>Returns self operand after adding the second value to its exp.NTr r( r r )r r r r r r
ra r` r r r rC rD rE r )r5 r r6 rH liminflimsupr s r. scalebzDecimal.scaleb_ s ? llG ud333 ug.. J :??''(899 9w|gl23w|gl23#e**........''(899 9 !4== TZDIE
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S |j t | cxk r |j k s n | t
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Decimal.shiftx s ? llG ud333 ug.. J :??''(899 9
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|| S )a| Format a Decimal instance according to the given specifier.
The specifier should be a standard format specifier, with the
form described in PEP 3101. Formatting types 'e', 'E', 'f',
'F', 'g', 'G', 'n' and '%' are supported. If the formatting
type is omitted it defaults to 'g' or 'G', depending on the
value of context.capitals.
N) _localeconvrp %gGr precisioneEr1 zfF%gGr( no_neg_0r r r )r _parse_format_specifierr _format_signrD r r
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r r r r r r r" r r( r* r. r3 r? rC rF rB rL rN rS rU rX r[ r] rd rh r5 rm rq ru r r, r0 r. r r s 666I T@ T@ T@ T@l * * [* X
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) ) )TK TK TK TK TK TKr0 r Fc | t t }| |_ ||_ ||_ ||_ |S )zCreate a decimal instance directly, without any validation,
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)r r r rD rE r r )rQ coefficientr specialr5 s r. rC rC s7 >>' " "DDJDIDI D Kr0 c $ e Zd ZdZd Zd Zd ZdS )rv zContext manager class to support localcontext().
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flags - When an exception is caused, flags[exception] is set.
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E5:; ;r0 c g }| dt | z d | j D }| dd | z dz d | j D }| dd | z dz d | dz S ) zShow the current context.zrContext(prec=%(prec)d, rounding=%(rounding)s, Emin=%(Emin)d, Emax=%(Emax)d, capitals=%(capitals)d, clamp=%(clamp)dc & g | ]\ }}||j S r, r9 )r8 r r s r. r: z$Context.__repr__.. # @@@1a@@@@r0 zflags=[, ]c & g | ]\ }}||j S r, r )r8 r r s r. r: z$Context.__repr__.. r r0 ztraps=[))r varsri rw r rj )r5 rW namess r. r zContext.__repr__ s # :: A@
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dS )zReset all traps to zeror( N)rj r s r. clear_trapszContext.clear_traps r r0 c t | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j }|S )z!Returns a shallow copy from self.)
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(9(9(* * r0 c t || }|| j v r | j | g|R S d| j |< | j | s | j | g|R S || )a# Handles an error
If the flag is in _ignored_flags, returns the default response.
Otherwise, it sets the flag, then, if the corresponding
trap_enabler is set, it reraises the exception. Otherwise, it returns
the default value after setting the flag.
r1 )_condition_maprm r r7 ri rj )r5 condition explanationr- errors r. r zContext._raise_error s ""9i88 D' ' '!5577>$.... .
5z% 3%99;;%d2T222 2 eK r0 c | j t S )z$Ignore all flags, if they are raised)
_ignore_flagsr r s r. rP zContext._ignore_all_flags s !t!8,,r0 c X | j t | z | _ t | S )z$Ignore the flags, if they are raised)r r )r5 ri s r. r zContext._ignore_flags s& $ 2T%[[ @E{{r0 c |r*t |d t t f r|d }|D ] }| j | dS )z+Stop ignoring the flags, if they are raisedr( N)r r r r remove)r5 ri r s r.
_regard_flagszContext._regard_flags s_ Za5,77 !HE - -D & &t , , , , - -r0 c @ t | j | j z
dz S )z!Returns Etiny (= Emin - prec + 1)r1 )r rf r` r s r. r3 z
Context.Etiny 49ty(1,---r0 c @ t | j | j z
dz S )z,Returns maximum exponent (= Emax - prec + 1)r1 )r ra r` r s r. rj z Context.Etop r r0 c " | j }|| _ |S )a Sets the rounding type.
Sets the rounding type, and returns the current (previous)
rounding type. Often used like:
context = context.copy()
# so you don't change the calling context
# if an error occurs in the middle.
rounding = context._set_rounding(ROUND_UP)
val = self.__sub__(other, context=context)
context._set_rounding(rounding)
This will make it round up for that operation.
)r_ )r5 rp r_ s r. r zContext._set_rounding s =
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k r| t d S | | S )zCreates a new Decimal instance but using self as context.
This method implements the to-number operation of the
IBM Decimal specification.r zAtrailing or leading whitespace and underscores are not permitted.rp z diagnostic info too long in NaN) r r r r r r r r rE r` rh r )r5 r r s r. create_decimalzContext.create_decimal s c3 GSCIIKK%7%73#::$$%5&FG G
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Hvvd||r0 c ` t | }| | S )a Creates a new Decimal instance from a float but rounding using self
as the context.
>>> context = Context(prec=5, rounding=ROUND_DOWN)
>>> context.create_decimal_from_float(3.1415926535897932)
Decimal('3.1415')
>>> context = Context(prec=5, traps=[Inexact])
>>> context.create_decimal_from_float(3.1415926535897932)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
decimal.Inexact: None
)r r r )r5 r r s r. create_decimal_from_floatz!Context.create_decimal_from_float s'
q ! !vvd||r0 c P t |d }| | S )a[ Returns the absolute value of the operand.
If the operand is negative, the result is the same as using the minus
operation on the operand. Otherwise, the result is the same as using
the plus operation on the operand.
>>> ExtendedContext.abs(Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('2.1')
>>> ExtendedContext.abs(Decimal('-100'))
Decimal('100')
>>> ExtendedContext.abs(Decimal('101.5'))
Decimal('101.5')
>>> ExtendedContext.abs(Decimal('-101.5'))
Decimal('101.5')
>>> ExtendedContext.abs(-1)
Decimal('1')
Tr rp )r r r5 r s r. r z Context.abs/ s* $
1d + + +yyy&&&r0 c t |d }| || }|t u rt d|z |S )a Return the sum of the two operands.
>>> ExtendedContext.add(Decimal('12'), Decimal('7.00'))
Decimal('19.00')
>>> ExtendedContext.add(Decimal('1E+2'), Decimal('1.01E+4'))
Decimal('1.02E+4')
>>> ExtendedContext.add(1, Decimal(2))
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.add(Decimal(8), 5)
Decimal('13')
>>> ExtendedContext.add(5, 5)
Decimal('10')
Tr rp Unable to convert %s to Decimal)r r( r ry r5 r r9 r< s r. addz Context.addD sO
1d + + +
IIaI & & = ABB BHr0 c F t | | S r+ )r r r s r. _applyzContext._applyY s 166$<< r0 c r t |t st d | S )zReturns the same Decimal object.
As we do not have different encodings for the same number, the
received object already is in its canonical form.
>>> ExtendedContext.canonical(Decimal('2.50'))
Decimal('2.50')
z,canonical requires a Decimal as an argument.)r r ry r r s r. r zContext.canonical\ s4 !W%% L JKK K{{}} r0 c R t |d }| || S )a Compares values numerically.
If the signs of the operands differ, a value representing each operand
('-1' if the operand is less than zero, '0' if the operand is zero or
negative zero, or '1' if the operand is greater than zero) is used in
place of that operand for the comparison instead of the actual
operand.
The comparison is then effected by subtracting the second operand from
the first and then returning a value according to the result of the
subtraction: '-1' if the result is less than zero, '0' if the result is
zero or negative zero, or '1' if the result is greater than zero.
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(Decimal('2.1'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(Decimal('2.1'), Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(Decimal('2.1'), Decimal('2.10'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(Decimal('3'), Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(Decimal('2.1'), Decimal('-3'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(Decimal('-3'), Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(1, 2)
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(Decimal(1), 2)
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare(1, Decimal(2))
Decimal('-1')
Tr rp )r r r5 r r9 s r. r zContext.comparei s- B
1d + + +yyDy)))r0 c R t |d }| || S )a Compares the values of the two operands numerically.
It's pretty much like compare(), but all NaNs signal, with signaling
NaNs taking precedence over quiet NaNs.
>>> c = ExtendedContext
>>> c.compare_signal(Decimal('2.1'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> c.compare_signal(Decimal('2.1'), Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('0')
>>> c.flags[InvalidOperation] = 0
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
0
>>> c.compare_signal(Decimal('NaN'), Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('NaN')
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
1
>>> c.flags[InvalidOperation] = 0
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
0
>>> c.compare_signal(Decimal('sNaN'), Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('NaN')
>>> print(c.flags[InvalidOperation])
1
>>> c.compare_signal(-1, 2)
Decimal('-1')
>>> c.compare_signal(Decimal(-1), 2)
Decimal('-1')
>>> c.compare_signal(-1, Decimal(2))
Decimal('-1')
Tr rp )r r r s r. r zContext.compare_signal s0 @
1d + + + 4 000r0 c N t |d }| | S )a+ Compares two operands using their abstract representation.
This is not like the standard compare, which use their numerical
value. Note that a total ordering is defined for all possible abstract
representations.
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(Decimal('12.73'), Decimal('127.9'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(Decimal('-127'), Decimal('12'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(Decimal('12.30'), Decimal('12.3'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(Decimal('12.30'), Decimal('12.30'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(Decimal('12.3'), Decimal('12.300'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(Decimal('12.3'), Decimal('NaN'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(1, 2)
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(Decimal(1), 2)
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.compare_total(1, Decimal(2))
Decimal('-1')
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.compare_total s( 4
1d + + +q!!!r0 c N t |d }| | S )zCompares two operands using their abstract representation ignoring sign.
Like compare_total, but with operand's sign ignored and assumed to be 0.
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.compare_total_mag s*
1d + + +""1%%%r0 c L t |d }| S )a Returns a copy of the operand with the sign set to 0.
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_abs(Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('2.1')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_abs(Decimal('-100'))
Decimal('100')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_abs(-1)
Decimal('1')
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.copy_abs s$
1d + + +zz||r0 c B t |d }t | S )a Returns a copy of the decimal object.
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_decimal(Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('2.1')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_decimal(Decimal('-1.00'))
Decimal('-1.00')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_decimal(1)
Decimal('1')
Tr )r r r s r. copy_decimalzContext.copy_decimal s"
1d + + +qzzr0 c L t |d }| S )a( Returns a copy of the operand with the sign inverted.
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_negate(Decimal('101.5'))
Decimal('-101.5')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_negate(Decimal('-101.5'))
Decimal('101.5')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_negate(1)
Decimal('-1')
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.copy_negate s$
1d + + +}} r0 c N t |d }| | S )a Copies the second operand's sign to the first one.
In detail, it returns a copy of the first operand with the sign
equal to the sign of the second operand.
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_sign(Decimal( '1.50'), Decimal('7.33'))
Decimal('1.50')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_sign(Decimal('-1.50'), Decimal('7.33'))
Decimal('1.50')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_sign(Decimal( '1.50'), Decimal('-7.33'))
Decimal('-1.50')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_sign(Decimal('-1.50'), Decimal('-7.33'))
Decimal('-1.50')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_sign(1, -2)
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_sign(Decimal(1), -2)
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.copy_sign(1, Decimal(-2))
Decimal('-1')
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.copy_sign s& *
1d + + +{{1~~ r0 c t |d }| || }|t u rt d|z |S )a Decimal division in a specified context.
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('1'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('0.333333333')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('2'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('0.666666667')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('5'), Decimal('2'))
Decimal('2.5')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('1'), Decimal('10'))
Decimal('0.1')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('12'), Decimal('12'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('8.00'), Decimal('2'))
Decimal('4.00')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('2.400'), Decimal('2.0'))
Decimal('1.20')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('1000'), Decimal('100'))
Decimal('10')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('1000'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1000')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal('2.40E+6'), Decimal('2'))
Decimal('1.20E+6')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(5, 5)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(Decimal(5), 5)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide(5, Decimal(5))
Decimal('1')
Tr rp r )r r8 r ry r s r. dividezContext.divide sO <
1d + + +
MM!TM * * = ABB BHr0 c t |d }| || }|t u rt d|z |S )a/ Divides two numbers and returns the integer part of the result.
>>> ExtendedContext.divide_int(Decimal('2'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide_int(Decimal('10'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide_int(Decimal('1'), Decimal('0.3'))
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide_int(10, 3)
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide_int(Decimal(10), 3)
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.divide_int(10, Decimal(3))
Decimal('3')
Tr rp r )r rQ r ry r s r.
divide_intzContext.divide_int9 sO
1d + + +
NN1dN + + = ABB BHr0 c t |d }| || }|t u rt d|z |S )a Return (a // b, a % b).
>>> ExtendedContext.divmod(Decimal(8), Decimal(3))
(Decimal('2'), Decimal('2'))
>>> ExtendedContext.divmod(Decimal(8), Decimal(4))
(Decimal('2'), Decimal('0'))
>>> ExtendedContext.divmod(8, 4)
(Decimal('2'), Decimal('0'))
>>> ExtendedContext.divmod(Decimal(8), 4)
(Decimal('2'), Decimal('0'))
>>> ExtendedContext.divmod(8, Decimal(4))
(Decimal('2'), Decimal('0'))
Tr rp r )r rE r ry r s r. r4 zContext.divmodP sO
1d + + +
LLDL ) ) = ABB BHr0 c P t |d }| | S )a# Returns e ** a.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> c.exp(Decimal('-Infinity'))
Decimal('0')
>>> c.exp(Decimal('-1'))
Decimal('0.367879441')
>>> c.exp(Decimal('0'))
Decimal('1')
>>> c.exp(Decimal('1'))
Decimal('2.71828183')
>>> c.exp(Decimal('0.693147181'))
Decimal('2.00000000')
>>> c.exp(Decimal('+Infinity'))
Decimal('Infinity')
>>> c.exp(10)
Decimal('22026.4658')
Tr rp )r r r s r. r z Context.expe s* * !T * * *uuTu"""r0 c T t |d }| ||| S )a Returns a multiplied by b, plus c.
The first two operands are multiplied together, using multiply,
the third operand is then added to the result of that
multiplication, using add, all with only one final rounding.
>>> ExtendedContext.fma(Decimal('3'), Decimal('5'), Decimal('7'))
Decimal('22')
>>> ExtendedContext.fma(Decimal('3'), Decimal('-5'), Decimal('7'))
Decimal('-8')
>>> ExtendedContext.fma(Decimal('888565290'), Decimal('1557.96930'), Decimal('-86087.7578'))
Decimal('1.38435736E+12')
>>> ExtendedContext.fma(1, 3, 4)
Decimal('7')
>>> ExtendedContext.fma(1, Decimal(3), 4)
Decimal('7')
>>> ExtendedContext.fma(1, 3, Decimal(4))
Decimal('7')
Tr rp )r r )r5 r r9 r s r. r z Context.fma} s. (
1d + + +uuQ4u(((r0 c r t |t st d | S )a Return True if the operand is canonical; otherwise return False.
Currently, the encoding of a Decimal instance is always
canonical, so this method returns True for any Decimal.
>>> ExtendedContext.is_canonical(Decimal('2.50'))
True
z/is_canonical requires a Decimal as an argument.)r r ry r r s r. r zContext.is_canonical s6 !W%% O MNN N~~ r0 c L t |d }| S )a, Return True if the operand is finite; otherwise return False.
A Decimal instance is considered finite if it is neither
infinite nor a NaN.
>>> ExtendedContext.is_finite(Decimal('2.50'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_finite(Decimal('-0.3'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_finite(Decimal('0'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_finite(Decimal('Inf'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_finite(Decimal('NaN'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_finite(1)
True
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.is_finite s$ &
1d + + +{{}} r0 c L t |d }| S )aU Return True if the operand is infinite; otherwise return False.
>>> ExtendedContext.is_infinite(Decimal('2.50'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_infinite(Decimal('-Inf'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_infinite(Decimal('NaN'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_infinite(1)
False
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.is_infinite s$
1d + + +}} r0 c L t |d }| S )aO Return True if the operand is a qNaN or sNaN;
otherwise return False.
>>> ExtendedContext.is_nan(Decimal('2.50'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_nan(Decimal('NaN'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_nan(Decimal('-sNaN'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_nan(1)
False
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.is_nan s$
1d + + +xxzzr0 c P t |d }| | S )a Return True if the operand is a normal number;
otherwise return False.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> c.is_normal(Decimal('2.50'))
True
>>> c.is_normal(Decimal('0.1E-999'))
False
>>> c.is_normal(Decimal('0.00'))
False
>>> c.is_normal(Decimal('-Inf'))
False
>>> c.is_normal(Decimal('NaN'))
False
>>> c.is_normal(1)
True
Tr rp )r r
r s r. r
zContext.is_normal s* (
1d + + +{{4{(((r0 c L t |d }| S )aH Return True if the operand is a quiet NaN; otherwise return False.
>>> ExtendedContext.is_qnan(Decimal('2.50'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_qnan(Decimal('NaN'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_qnan(Decimal('sNaN'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_qnan(1)
False
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.is_qnan s$
1d + + +yy{{r0 c L t |d }| S )a Return True if the operand is negative; otherwise return False.
>>> ExtendedContext.is_signed(Decimal('2.50'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_signed(Decimal('-12'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_signed(Decimal('-0'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_signed(8)
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_signed(-8)
True
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.is_signed s$
1d + + +{{}} r0 c L t |d }| S )aT Return True if the operand is a signaling NaN;
otherwise return False.
>>> ExtendedContext.is_snan(Decimal('2.50'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_snan(Decimal('NaN'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_snan(Decimal('sNaN'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_snan(1)
False
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.is_snan
s$
1d + + +yy{{r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Return True if the operand is subnormal; otherwise return False.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> c.is_subnormal(Decimal('2.50'))
False
>>> c.is_subnormal(Decimal('0.1E-999'))
True
>>> c.is_subnormal(Decimal('0.00'))
False
>>> c.is_subnormal(Decimal('-Inf'))
False
>>> c.is_subnormal(Decimal('NaN'))
False
>>> c.is_subnormal(1)
False
Tr rp )r r r s r. r zContext.is_subnormal s* &
1d + + +~~d~+++r0 c L t |d }| S )au Return True if the operand is a zero; otherwise return False.
>>> ExtendedContext.is_zero(Decimal('0'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_zero(Decimal('2.50'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_zero(Decimal('-0E+2'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.is_zero(1)
False
>>> ExtendedContext.is_zero(0)
True
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.is_zero3 s$
1d + + +yy{{r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Returns the natural (base e) logarithm of the operand.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> c.ln(Decimal('0'))
Decimal('-Infinity')
>>> c.ln(Decimal('1.000'))
Decimal('0')
>>> c.ln(Decimal('2.71828183'))
Decimal('1.00000000')
>>> c.ln(Decimal('10'))
Decimal('2.30258509')
>>> c.ln(Decimal('+Infinity'))
Decimal('Infinity')
>>> c.ln(1)
Decimal('0')
Tr rp )r r" r s r. r" z
Context.lnD s* &
1d + + +ttDt!!!r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Returns the base 10 logarithm of the operand.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> c.log10(Decimal('0'))
Decimal('-Infinity')
>>> c.log10(Decimal('0.001'))
Decimal('-3')
>>> c.log10(Decimal('1.000'))
Decimal('0')
>>> c.log10(Decimal('2'))
Decimal('0.301029996')
>>> c.log10(Decimal('10'))
Decimal('1')
>>> c.log10(Decimal('70'))
Decimal('1.84509804')
>>> c.log10(Decimal('+Infinity'))
Decimal('Infinity')
>>> c.log10(0)
Decimal('-Infinity')
>>> c.log10(1)
Decimal('0')
Tr rp )r r( r s r. r( z
Context.log10Z s* 2
1d + + +wwtw$$$r0 c P t |d }| | S )a4 Returns the exponent of the magnitude of the operand's MSD.
The result is the integer which is the exponent of the magnitude
of the most significant digit of the operand (as though the
operand were truncated to a single digit while maintaining the
value of that digit and without limiting the resulting exponent).
>>> ExtendedContext.logb(Decimal('250'))
Decimal('2')
>>> ExtendedContext.logb(Decimal('2.50'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logb(Decimal('0.03'))
Decimal('-2')
>>> ExtendedContext.logb(Decimal('0'))
Decimal('-Infinity')
>>> ExtendedContext.logb(1)
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logb(10)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.logb(100)
Decimal('2')
Tr rp )r r* r s r. r* z Context.logbv s* .
1d + + +vvdv###r0 c R t |d }| || S )a Applies the logical operation 'and' between each operand's digits.
The operands must be both logical numbers.
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(Decimal('0'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(Decimal('0'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(Decimal('1'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(Decimal('1'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(Decimal('1100'), Decimal('1010'))
Decimal('1000')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(Decimal('1111'), Decimal('10'))
Decimal('10')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(110, 1101)
Decimal('100')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(Decimal(110), 1101)
Decimal('100')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_and(110, Decimal(1101))
Decimal('100')
Tr rp )r r? r s r. r? zContext.logical_and , 0
1d + + +}}Q}---r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Invert all the digits in the operand.
The operand must be a logical number.
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_invert(Decimal('0'))
Decimal('111111111')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_invert(Decimal('1'))
Decimal('111111110')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_invert(Decimal('111111111'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_invert(Decimal('101010101'))
Decimal('10101010')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_invert(1101)
Decimal('111110010')
Tr rp )r rC r s r. rC zContext.logical_invert s-
1d + + + ---r0 c R t |d }| || S )a Applies the logical operation 'or' between each operand's digits.
The operands must be both logical numbers.
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(Decimal('0'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(Decimal('0'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(Decimal('1'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(Decimal('1'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(Decimal('1100'), Decimal('1010'))
Decimal('1110')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(Decimal('1110'), Decimal('10'))
Decimal('1110')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(110, 1101)
Decimal('1111')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(Decimal(110), 1101)
Decimal('1111')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_or(110, Decimal(1101))
Decimal('1111')
Tr rp )r rF r s r. rF zContext.logical_or s, 0
1d + + +||At|,,,r0 c R t |d }| || S )a Applies the logical operation 'xor' between each operand's digits.
The operands must be both logical numbers.
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(Decimal('0'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(Decimal('0'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(Decimal('1'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(Decimal('1'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(Decimal('1100'), Decimal('1010'))
Decimal('110')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(Decimal('1111'), Decimal('10'))
Decimal('1101')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(110, 1101)
Decimal('1011')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(Decimal(110), 1101)
Decimal('1011')
>>> ExtendedContext.logical_xor(110, Decimal(1101))
Decimal('1011')
Tr rp )r rB r s r. rB zContext.logical_xor r
r0 c R t |d }| || S )a max compares two values numerically and returns the maximum.
If either operand is a NaN then the general rules apply.
Otherwise, the operands are compared as though by the compare
operation. If they are numerically equal then the left-hand operand
is chosen as the result. Otherwise the maximum (closer to positive
infinity) of the two operands is chosen as the result.
>>> ExtendedContext.max(Decimal('3'), Decimal('2'))
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.max(Decimal('-10'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.max(Decimal('1.0'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.max(Decimal('7'), Decimal('NaN'))
Decimal('7')
>>> ExtendedContext.max(1, 2)
Decimal('2')
>>> ExtendedContext.max(Decimal(1), 2)
Decimal('2')
>>> ExtendedContext.max(1, Decimal(2))
Decimal('2')
Tr rp )r r" r s r. r" z Context.max , 0
1d + + +uuQu%%%r0 c R t |d }| || S )a Compares the values numerically with their sign ignored.
>>> ExtendedContext.max_mag(Decimal('7'), Decimal('NaN'))
Decimal('7')
>>> ExtendedContext.max_mag(Decimal('7'), Decimal('-10'))
Decimal('-10')
>>> ExtendedContext.max_mag(1, -2)
Decimal('-2')
>>> ExtendedContext.max_mag(Decimal(1), -2)
Decimal('-2')
>>> ExtendedContext.max_mag(1, Decimal(-2))
Decimal('-2')
Tr rp )r rL r s r. rL zContext.max_mag ,
1d + + +yyDy)))r0 c R t |d }| || S )a min compares two values numerically and returns the minimum.
If either operand is a NaN then the general rules apply.
Otherwise, the operands are compared as though by the compare
operation. If they are numerically equal then the left-hand operand
is chosen as the result. Otherwise the minimum (closer to negative
infinity) of the two operands is chosen as the result.
>>> ExtendedContext.min(Decimal('3'), Decimal('2'))
Decimal('2')
>>> ExtendedContext.min(Decimal('-10'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('-10')
>>> ExtendedContext.min(Decimal('1.0'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1.0')
>>> ExtendedContext.min(Decimal('7'), Decimal('NaN'))
Decimal('7')
>>> ExtendedContext.min(1, 2)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.min(Decimal(1), 2)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.min(1, Decimal(29))
Decimal('1')
Tr rp )r r r s r. r z Context.min r r0 c R t |d }| || S )a Compares the values numerically with their sign ignored.
>>> ExtendedContext.min_mag(Decimal('3'), Decimal('-2'))
Decimal('-2')
>>> ExtendedContext.min_mag(Decimal('-3'), Decimal('NaN'))
Decimal('-3')
>>> ExtendedContext.min_mag(1, -2)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.min_mag(Decimal(1), -2)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.min_mag(1, Decimal(-2))
Decimal('1')
Tr rp )r rN r s r. rN zContext.min_mag; r r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Minus corresponds to unary prefix minus in Python.
The operation is evaluated using the same rules as subtract; the
operation minus(a) is calculated as subtract('0', a) where the '0'
has the same exponent as the operand.
>>> ExtendedContext.minus(Decimal('1.3'))
Decimal('-1.3')
>>> ExtendedContext.minus(Decimal('-1.3'))
Decimal('1.3')
>>> ExtendedContext.minus(1)
Decimal('-1')
Tr rp )r r r s r. minusz
Context.minusL *
1d + + +yyy&&&r0 c t |d }| || }|t u rt d|z |S )a multiply multiplies two operands.
If either operand is a special value then the general rules apply.
Otherwise, the operands are multiplied together
('long multiplication'), resulting in a number which may be as long as
the sum of the lengths of the two operands.
>>> ExtendedContext.multiply(Decimal('1.20'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('3.60')
>>> ExtendedContext.multiply(Decimal('7'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('21')
>>> ExtendedContext.multiply(Decimal('0.9'), Decimal('0.8'))
Decimal('0.72')
>>> ExtendedContext.multiply(Decimal('0.9'), Decimal('-0'))
Decimal('-0.0')
>>> ExtendedContext.multiply(Decimal('654321'), Decimal('654321'))
Decimal('4.28135971E+11')
>>> ExtendedContext.multiply(7, 7)
Decimal('49')
>>> ExtendedContext.multiply(Decimal(7), 7)
Decimal('49')
>>> ExtendedContext.multiply(7, Decimal(7))
Decimal('49')
Tr rp r )r r1 r ry r s r. multiplyzContext.multiply] sO 2
1d + + +
IIaI & & = ABB BHr0 c P t |d }| | S )a" Returns the largest representable number smaller than a.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> ExtendedContext.next_minus(Decimal('1'))
Decimal('0.999999999')
>>> c.next_minus(Decimal('1E-1007'))
Decimal('0E-1007')
>>> ExtendedContext.next_minus(Decimal('-1.00000003'))
Decimal('-1.00000004')
>>> c.next_minus(Decimal('Infinity'))
Decimal('9.99999999E+999')
>>> c.next_minus(1)
Decimal('0.999999999')
Tr rp )r rS r s r. rS zContext.next_minus} s* "
1d + + +||D|)))r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Returns the smallest representable number larger than a.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> ExtendedContext.next_plus(Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1.00000001')
>>> c.next_plus(Decimal('-1E-1007'))
Decimal('-0E-1007')
>>> ExtendedContext.next_plus(Decimal('-1.00000003'))
Decimal('-1.00000002')
>>> c.next_plus(Decimal('-Infinity'))
Decimal('-9.99999999E+999')
>>> c.next_plus(1)
Decimal('1.00000001')
Tr rp )r rU r s r. rU zContext.next_plus s* "
1d + + +{{4{(((r0 c R t |d }| || S )a Returns the number closest to a, in direction towards b.
The result is the closest representable number from the first
operand (but not the first operand) that is in the direction
towards the second operand, unless the operands have the same
value.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> c.next_toward(Decimal('1'), Decimal('2'))
Decimal('1.00000001')
>>> c.next_toward(Decimal('-1E-1007'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('-0E-1007')
>>> c.next_toward(Decimal('-1.00000003'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('-1.00000002')
>>> c.next_toward(Decimal('1'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('0.999999999')
>>> c.next_toward(Decimal('1E-1007'), Decimal('-100'))
Decimal('0E-1007')
>>> c.next_toward(Decimal('-1.00000003'), Decimal('-10'))
Decimal('-1.00000004')
>>> c.next_toward(Decimal('0.00'), Decimal('-0.0000'))
Decimal('-0.00')
>>> c.next_toward(0, 1)
Decimal('1E-1007')
>>> c.next_toward(Decimal(0), 1)
Decimal('1E-1007')
>>> c.next_toward(0, Decimal(1))
Decimal('1E-1007')
Tr rp )r rX r s r. rX zContext.next_toward s- @
1d + + +}}Q}---r0 c P t |d }| | S )a normalize reduces an operand to its simplest form.
Essentially a plus operation with all trailing zeros removed from the
result.
>>> ExtendedContext.normalize(Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('2.1')
>>> ExtendedContext.normalize(Decimal('-2.0'))
Decimal('-2')
>>> ExtendedContext.normalize(Decimal('1.200'))
Decimal('1.2')
>>> ExtendedContext.normalize(Decimal('-120'))
Decimal('-1.2E+2')
>>> ExtendedContext.normalize(Decimal('120.00'))
Decimal('1.2E+2')
>>> ExtendedContext.normalize(Decimal('0.00'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.normalize(6)
Decimal('6')
Tr rp )r r r s r. r zContext.normalize s* *
1d + + +{{4{(((r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Returns an indication of the class of the operand.
The class is one of the following strings:
-sNaN
-NaN
-Infinity
-Normal
-Subnormal
-Zero
+Zero
+Subnormal
+Normal
+Infinity
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('Infinity'))
'+Infinity'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('1E-10'))
'+Normal'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('2.50'))
'+Normal'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('0.1E-999'))
'+Subnormal'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('0'))
'+Zero'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('-0'))
'-Zero'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('-0.1E-999'))
'-Subnormal'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('-1E-10'))
'-Normal'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('-2.50'))
'-Normal'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('-Infinity'))
'-Infinity'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('NaN'))
'NaN'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('-NaN'))
'NaN'
>>> c.number_class(Decimal('sNaN'))
'sNaN'
>>> c.number_class(123)
'+Normal'
Tr rp )r r[ r s r. r[ zContext.number_class s+ ^
1d + + +~~d~+++r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Plus corresponds to unary prefix plus in Python.
The operation is evaluated using the same rules as add; the
operation plus(a) is calculated as add('0', a) where the '0'
has the same exponent as the operand.
>>> ExtendedContext.plus(Decimal('1.3'))
Decimal('1.3')
>>> ExtendedContext.plus(Decimal('-1.3'))
Decimal('-1.3')
>>> ExtendedContext.plus(-1)
Decimal('-1')
Tr rp )r r r s r. plusz Context.plus r r0 c t |d }| ||| }|t u rt d|z |S )a Raises a to the power of b, to modulo if given.
With two arguments, compute a**b. If a is negative then b
must be integral. The result will be inexact unless b is
integral and the result is finite and can be expressed exactly
in 'precision' digits.
With three arguments, compute (a**b) % modulo. For the
three argument form, the following restrictions on the
arguments hold:
- all three arguments must be integral
- b must be nonnegative
- at least one of a or b must be nonzero
- modulo must be nonzero and have at most 'precision' digits
The result of pow(a, b, modulo) is identical to the result
that would be obtained by computing (a**b) % modulo with
unbounded precision, but is computed more efficiently. It is
always exact.
>>> c = ExtendedContext.copy()
>>> c.Emin = -999
>>> c.Emax = 999
>>> c.power(Decimal('2'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('8')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-2'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('-8')
>>> c.power(Decimal('2'), Decimal('-3'))
Decimal('0.125')
>>> c.power(Decimal('1.7'), Decimal('8'))
Decimal('69.7575744')
>>> c.power(Decimal('10'), Decimal('0.301029996'))
Decimal('2.00000000')
>>> c.power(Decimal('Infinity'), Decimal('-1'))
Decimal('0')
>>> c.power(Decimal('Infinity'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('1')
>>> c.power(Decimal('Infinity'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('Infinity')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-Infinity'), Decimal('-1'))
Decimal('-0')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-Infinity'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('1')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-Infinity'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('-Infinity')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-Infinity'), Decimal('2'))
Decimal('Infinity')
>>> c.power(Decimal('0'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('NaN')
>>> c.power(Decimal('3'), Decimal('7'), Decimal('16'))
Decimal('11')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-3'), Decimal('7'), Decimal('16'))
Decimal('-11')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-3'), Decimal('8'), Decimal('16'))
Decimal('1')
>>> c.power(Decimal('3'), Decimal('7'), Decimal('-16'))
Decimal('11')
>>> c.power(Decimal('23E12345'), Decimal('67E189'), Decimal('123456789'))
Decimal('11729830')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-0'), Decimal('17'), Decimal('1729'))
Decimal('-0')
>>> c.power(Decimal('-23'), Decimal('0'), Decimal('65537'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.power(7, 7)
Decimal('823543')
>>> ExtendedContext.power(Decimal(7), 7)
Decimal('823543')
>>> ExtendedContext.power(7, Decimal(7), 2)
Decimal('1')
Tr rp r )r r r ry )r5 r r9 r r< s r. powerz
Context.power# sR R
1d + + +
IIaI . . = ABB BHr0 c R t |d }| || S )a
Returns a value equal to 'a' (rounded), having the exponent of 'b'.
The coefficient of the result is derived from that of the left-hand
operand. It may be rounded using the current rounding setting (if the
exponent is being increased), multiplied by a positive power of ten (if
the exponent is being decreased), or is unchanged (if the exponent is
already equal to that of the right-hand operand).
Unlike other operations, if the length of the coefficient after the
quantize operation would be greater than precision then an Invalid
operation condition is raised. This guarantees that, unless there is
an error condition, the exponent of the result of a quantize is always
equal to that of the right-hand operand.
Also unlike other operations, quantize will never raise Underflow, even
if the result is subnormal and inexact.
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('2.17'), Decimal('0.001'))
Decimal('2.170')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('2.17'), Decimal('0.01'))
Decimal('2.17')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('2.17'), Decimal('0.1'))
Decimal('2.2')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('2.17'), Decimal('1e+0'))
Decimal('2')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('2.17'), Decimal('1e+1'))
Decimal('0E+1')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('-Inf'), Decimal('Infinity'))
Decimal('-Infinity')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('2'), Decimal('Infinity'))
Decimal('NaN')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('-0.1'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('-0')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('-0'), Decimal('1e+5'))
Decimal('-0E+5')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('+35236450.6'), Decimal('1e-2'))
Decimal('NaN')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('-35236450.6'), Decimal('1e-2'))
Decimal('NaN')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('217'), Decimal('1e-1'))
Decimal('217.0')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('217'), Decimal('1e-0'))
Decimal('217')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('217'), Decimal('1e+1'))
Decimal('2.2E+2')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal('217'), Decimal('1e+2'))
Decimal('2E+2')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(1, 2)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(Decimal(1), 2)
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.quantize(1, Decimal(2))
Decimal('1')
Tr rp )r r r s r. r zContext.quantizes s- n
1d + + +zz!Tz***r0 c t d S )zkJust returns 10, as this is Decimal, :)
>>> ExtendedContext.radix()
Decimal('10')
r r^ r s r. r] z
Context.radix s r{{r0 c t |d }| || }|t u rt d|z |S )a Returns the remainder from integer division.
The result is the residue of the dividend after the operation of
calculating integer division as described for divide-integer, rounded
to precision digits if necessary. The sign of the result, if
non-zero, is the same as that of the original dividend.
This operation will fail under the same conditions as integer division
(that is, if integer division on the same two operands would fail, the
remainder cannot be calculated).
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(Decimal('2.1'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('2.1')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(Decimal('10'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(Decimal('-10'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(Decimal('10.2'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('0.2')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(Decimal('10'), Decimal('0.3'))
Decimal('0.1')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(Decimal('3.6'), Decimal('1.3'))
Decimal('1.0')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(22, 6)
Decimal('4')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(Decimal(22), 6)
Decimal('4')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder(22, Decimal(6))
Decimal('4')
Tr rp r )r rI r ry r s r. r6 zContext.remainder sO >
1d + + +
IIaI & & = ABB BHr0 c R t |d }| || S )aG Returns to be "a - b * n", where n is the integer nearest the exact
value of "x / b" (if two integers are equally near then the even one
is chosen). If the result is equal to 0 then its sign will be the
sign of a.
This operation will fail under the same conditions as integer division
(that is, if integer division on the same two operands would fail, the
remainder cannot be calculated).
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(Decimal('2.1'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('-0.9')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(Decimal('10'), Decimal('6'))
Decimal('-2')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(Decimal('10'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(Decimal('-10'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('-1')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(Decimal('10.2'), Decimal('1'))
Decimal('0.2')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(Decimal('10'), Decimal('0.3'))
Decimal('0.1')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(Decimal('3.6'), Decimal('1.3'))
Decimal('-0.3')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(3, 11)
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(Decimal(3), 11)
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.remainder_near(3, Decimal(11))
Decimal('3')
Tr rp )r rO r s r. rO zContext.remainder_near s/ >
1d + + + 4 000r0 c R t |d }| || S )aN Returns a rotated copy of a, b times.
The coefficient of the result is a rotated copy of the digits in
the coefficient of the first operand. The number of places of
rotation is taken from the absolute value of the second operand,
with the rotation being to the left if the second operand is
positive or to the right otherwise.
>>> ExtendedContext.rotate(Decimal('34'), Decimal('8'))
Decimal('400000003')
>>> ExtendedContext.rotate(Decimal('12'), Decimal('9'))
Decimal('12')
>>> ExtendedContext.rotate(Decimal('123456789'), Decimal('-2'))
Decimal('891234567')
>>> ExtendedContext.rotate(Decimal('123456789'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('123456789')
>>> ExtendedContext.rotate(Decimal('123456789'), Decimal('+2'))
Decimal('345678912')
>>> ExtendedContext.rotate(1333333, 1)
Decimal('13333330')
>>> ExtendedContext.rotate(Decimal(1333333), 1)
Decimal('13333330')
>>> ExtendedContext.rotate(1333333, Decimal(1))
Decimal('13333330')
Tr rp )r rd r s r. rd zContext.rotate s, 4
1d + + +xx4x(((r0 c N t |d }| | S )a Returns True if the two operands have the same exponent.
The result is never affected by either the sign or the coefficient of
either operand.
>>> ExtendedContext.same_quantum(Decimal('2.17'), Decimal('0.001'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.same_quantum(Decimal('2.17'), Decimal('0.01'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.same_quantum(Decimal('2.17'), Decimal('1'))
False
>>> ExtendedContext.same_quantum(Decimal('Inf'), Decimal('-Inf'))
True
>>> ExtendedContext.same_quantum(10000, -1)
True
>>> ExtendedContext.same_quantum(Decimal(10000), -1)
True
>>> ExtendedContext.same_quantum(10000, Decimal(-1))
True
Tr )r r r s r. r zContext.same_quantum s( *
1d + + +~~a r0 c R t |d }| || S )a3 Returns the first operand after adding the second value its exp.
>>> ExtendedContext.scaleb(Decimal('7.50'), Decimal('-2'))
Decimal('0.0750')
>>> ExtendedContext.scaleb(Decimal('7.50'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('7.50')
>>> ExtendedContext.scaleb(Decimal('7.50'), Decimal('3'))
Decimal('7.50E+3')
>>> ExtendedContext.scaleb(1, 4)
Decimal('1E+4')
>>> ExtendedContext.scaleb(Decimal(1), 4)
Decimal('1E+4')
>>> ExtendedContext.scaleb(1, Decimal(4))
Decimal('1E+4')
Tr rp )r rh r s r. rh zContext.scaleb2 s,
1d + + +xx4x(((r0 c R t |d }| || S )a{ Returns a shifted copy of a, b times.
The coefficient of the result is a shifted copy of the digits
in the coefficient of the first operand. The number of places
to shift is taken from the absolute value of the second operand,
with the shift being to the left if the second operand is
positive or to the right otherwise. Digits shifted into the
coefficient are zeros.
>>> ExtendedContext.shift(Decimal('34'), Decimal('8'))
Decimal('400000000')
>>> ExtendedContext.shift(Decimal('12'), Decimal('9'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.shift(Decimal('123456789'), Decimal('-2'))
Decimal('1234567')
>>> ExtendedContext.shift(Decimal('123456789'), Decimal('0'))
Decimal('123456789')
>>> ExtendedContext.shift(Decimal('123456789'), Decimal('+2'))
Decimal('345678900')
>>> ExtendedContext.shift(88888888, 2)
Decimal('888888800')
>>> ExtendedContext.shift(Decimal(88888888), 2)
Decimal('888888800')
>>> ExtendedContext.shift(88888888, Decimal(2))
Decimal('888888800')
Tr rp )r r5 r s r. r5 z
Context.shiftE s, 6
1d + + +wwq$w'''r0 c P t |d }| | S )a Square root of a non-negative number to context precision.
If the result must be inexact, it is rounded using the round-half-even
algorithm.
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('0'))
Decimal('0')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('-0'))
Decimal('-0')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('0.39'))
Decimal('0.624499800')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('100'))
Decimal('10')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('1'))
Decimal('1')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('1.0'))
Decimal('1.0')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('1.00'))
Decimal('1.0')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('7'))
Decimal('2.64575131')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(Decimal('10'))
Decimal('3.16227766')
>>> ExtendedContext.sqrt(2)
Decimal('1.41421356')
>>> ExtendedContext.prec
9
Tr rp )r r r s r. r z Context.sqrtc s* :
1d + + +vvdv###r0 c t |d }| || }|t u rt d|z |S )a& Return the difference between the two operands.
>>> ExtendedContext.subtract(Decimal('1.3'), Decimal('1.07'))
Decimal('0.23')
>>> ExtendedContext.subtract(Decimal('1.3'), Decimal('1.30'))
Decimal('0.00')
>>> ExtendedContext.subtract(Decimal('1.3'), Decimal('2.07'))
Decimal('-0.77')
>>> ExtendedContext.subtract(8, 5)
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.subtract(Decimal(8), 5)
Decimal('3')
>>> ExtendedContext.subtract(8, Decimal(5))
Decimal('3')
Tr rp r )r r* r ry r s r. subtractzContext.subtract sO
1d + + +
IIaI & & = ABB BHr0 c P t |d }| | S )a Convert to a string, using engineering notation if an exponent is needed.
Engineering notation has an exponent which is a multiple of 3. This
can leave up to 3 digits to the left of the decimal place and may
require the addition of either one or two trailing zeros.
The operation is not affected by the context.
>>> ExtendedContext.to_eng_string(Decimal('123E+1'))
'1.23E+3'
>>> ExtendedContext.to_eng_string(Decimal('123E+3'))
'123E+3'
>>> ExtendedContext.to_eng_string(Decimal('123E-10'))
'12.3E-9'
>>> ExtendedContext.to_eng_string(Decimal('-123E-12'))
'-123E-12'
>>> ExtendedContext.to_eng_string(Decimal('7E-7'))
'700E-9'
>>> ExtendedContext.to_eng_string(Decimal('7E+1'))
'70'
>>> ExtendedContext.to_eng_string(Decimal('0E+1'))
'0.00E+3'
Tr rp )r r r s r. r zContext.to_eng_string s* 2
1d + + +t,,,r0 c P t |d }| | S )zyConverts a number to a string, using scientific notation.
The operation is not affected by the context.
Tr rp )r r r s r.
to_sci_stringzContext.to_sci_string s*
1d + + +yyy&&&r0 c P t |d }| | S )ak Rounds to an integer.
When the operand has a negative exponent, the result is the same
as using the quantize() operation using the given operand as the
left-hand-operand, 1E+0 as the right-hand-operand, and the precision
of the operand as the precision setting; Inexact and Rounded flags
are allowed in this operation. The rounding mode is taken from the
context.
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_exact(Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('2')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_exact(Decimal('100'))
Decimal('100')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_exact(Decimal('100.0'))
Decimal('100')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_exact(Decimal('101.5'))
Decimal('102')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_exact(Decimal('-101.5'))
Decimal('-102')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_exact(Decimal('10E+5'))
Decimal('1.0E+6')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_exact(Decimal('7.89E+77'))
Decimal('7.89E+77')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_exact(Decimal('-Inf'))
Decimal('-Infinity')
Tr rp )r r r s r. r zContext.to_integral_exact s- 6
1d + + +""4"000r0 c P t |d }| | S )aL Rounds to an integer.
When the operand has a negative exponent, the result is the same
as using the quantize() operation using the given operand as the
left-hand-operand, 1E+0 as the right-hand-operand, and the precision
of the operand as the precision setting, except that no flags will
be set. The rounding mode is taken from the context.
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_value(Decimal('2.1'))
Decimal('2')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_value(Decimal('100'))
Decimal('100')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_value(Decimal('100.0'))
Decimal('100')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_value(Decimal('101.5'))
Decimal('102')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_value(Decimal('-101.5'))
Decimal('-102')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_value(Decimal('10E+5'))
Decimal('1.0E+6')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_value(Decimal('7.89E+77'))
Decimal('7.89E+77')
>>> ExtendedContext.to_integral_value(Decimal('-Inf'))
Decimal('-Infinity')
Tr rp )r r r s r. r zContext.to_integral_value s- 4
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r r r1 r )r r r r r )r& r' r` tmpr tmp_len other_lenr s r. r$ r$ s
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}|| k rdn| d| z z S )a Given integers n and e, return n * 10**e if it's an integer, else None.
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>>> _decimal_lshift_exact(3, 4)
30000
>>> _decimal_lshift_exact(300, -999999999) # returns None
r( r r N)r r r rstrip)rB r
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precision.
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digits of precision, and with an error in d of at most 1. This is
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} nJuQx 0 00r0 c t | t r| S t | t rt | S |r/t | t rt | S |rt d| z t S )zConvert other to Decimal.
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is used in the comparison methods (__eq__ and friends).
r )r r r r r ry r )r r allow_floats r. r r s %!! % u~~ )z%// )!!%((( C9EABBB r0 c v t |t r| |fS t |t j r_| j sBt | j t t | j |j
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r|j dk r|j }t |t rWt# }|rd|j t& < n| t& d | t | fS t, t, fS )zGiven a Decimal instance self and a Python object other, return
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r( r1 r )r r _numbersRationalr rC rD r r rE denominatorr numeratorComplexr_ r\ r r ri r r r r )r5 r r r6 s r. r r s2 %!! U{ %*++ . /#DJ$'DI9J(J$K$K$(I/ /D WU_----
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sign: either '+', '-' or ' '
minimumwidth: nonnegative integer giving minimum width
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