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It is currently implemented only for JPEG and MPO images. :param mode: The requested mode. :param size: The requested size. Nr)r�rKrLrrr �draft�szImage.draftcCs*|dkr|}|j�|j|jj||d��S)Nr)r�r�r)�expand)r�ZxmarginZymarginrrr �_expand�sz Image._expandcCs�ddlm}|j�t|t�r$|�}t|d�s6td��t||j�}|jj dksR|rd|j |j|j��Sg}x2t|jj �D]"}|j |j |j|jj|��qvWt|j|�S)z� Filters this image using the given filter. For a list of available filters, see the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageFilter` module. :param filter: Filter kernel. :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.r)�ImageFilter�filterz>filter argument should be ImageFilter.Filter instance or class)r`rr�rmrr*r�ZMultibandFilterr)rVr�rr�r��getband�mergerK)r�rrZ multiband�imsr�rrr r�s "zImage.filtercCstj|j�jS)z� Returns a tuple containing the name of each band in this image. 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The default limit is 256 colors. :returns: An unsorted list of (count, pixel) values. r=r>rBr�N)r=r>rB)r�rKr)� histogramr�r�rX� getcolors)r�Z maxcolors�h�outr�rrr r"�s zImage.getcolorscCs"|j�|dk r|jj|�S|jS)a� Returns the contents of this image as a sequence object containing pixel values. The sequence object is flattened, so that values for line one follow directly after the values of line zero, and so on. Note that the sequence object returned by this method is an internal PIL data type, which only supports certain sequence operations. To convert it to an ordinary sequence (e.g. for printing), use ``list(im.getdata())``. :param band: What band to return. The default is to return all bands. To return a single band, pass in the index value (e.g. 0 to get the "R" band from an "RGB" image). :returns: A sequence-like object. 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N)r�rr)r�r�)r�rrr r��s zImage.getpalettecCs&|j�|jr|jj|�S|jj|�S)a Returns the pixel value at a given position. :param xy: The coordinate, given as (x, y). See :ref:`coordinate-system`. :returns: The pixel value. If the image is a multi-layer image, this method returns a tuple. )r�r�rr))r��xyrrr r�s zImage.getpixelcCs&|j�|jj�\}}t|�t|�fS)z� Get projection to x and y axes :returns: Two sequences, indicating where there are non-zero pixels along the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively. )r�r)� getprojectionr)r��x�yrrr rG�szImage.getprojectioncCsT|j�|r$|j�|jjd|j�S|jdkrJ|dkr>|j�}|jj|�S|jj�S)ae Returns a histogram for the image. The histogram is returned as a list of pixel counts, one for each pixel value in the source image. If the image has more than one band, the histograms for all bands are concatenated (for example, the histogram for an "RGB" image contains 768 values). A bilevel image (mode "1") is treated as a greyscale ("L") image by this method. If a mask is provided, the method returns a histogram for those parts of the image where the mask image is non-zero. The mask image must have the same size as the image, and be either a bi-level image (mode "1") or a greyscale image ("L"). :param mask: An optional mask. :param extrema: An optional tuple of manually-specified extrema. :returns: A list containing pixel counts. rr@rAN)rr)r@rA)r�r)r!rKr&)r��maskr'rrr r!�s zImage.histogramcCsT|j�|r$|j�|jjd|j�S|jdkrJ|dkr>|j�}|jj|�S|jj�S)ah Calculates and returns the entropy for the image. A bilevel image (mode "1") is treated as a greyscale ("L") image by this method. If a mask is provided, the method employs the histogram for those parts of the image where the mask image is non-zero. The mask image must have the same size as the image, and be either a bi-level image (mode "1") or a greyscale image ("L"). :param mask: An optional mask. :param extrema: An optional tuple of manually-specified extrema. :returns: A float value representing the image entropy rr@rAN)rr)r@rA)r�r)�entropyrKr&)r�rJr'rrr rK�s z Image.entropycCs t|�r|dkr|}d}|dkr$d }t|�dkr|t|�r@|j}nt|�rP|j}ntd��||d|d|d|df7}t|t�r�ddlm}|j||j �}nBt|�r�|j �|j |j kr�|j dks�|j dkr�|j|j �}|j}|j �|�r|j �|jj|||j�n|jj||�dS)a� Pastes another image into this image. The box argument is either a 2-tuple giving the upper left corner, a 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and lower pixel coordinate, or None (same as (0, 0)). See :ref:`coordinate-system`. If a 4-tuple is given, the size of the pasted image must match the size of the region. If the modes don't match, the pasted image is converted to the mode of this image (see the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.convert` method for details). Instead of an image, the source can be a integer or tuple containing pixel values. The method then fills the region with the given color. When creating RGB images, you can also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module. If a mask is given, this method updates only the regions indicated by the mask. You can use either "1", "L" or "RGBA" images (in the latter case, the alpha band is used as mask). Where the mask is 255, the given image is copied as is. Where the mask is 0, the current value is preserved. Intermediate values will mix the two images together, including their alpha channels if they have them. See :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.alpha_composite` if you want to combine images with respect to their alpha channels. :param im: Source image or pixel value (integer or tuple). :param box: An optional 4-tuple giving the region to paste into. If a 2-tuple is used instead, it's treated as the upper left corner. If omitted or None, the source is pasted into the upper left corner. If an image is given as the second argument and there is no third, the box defaults to (0, 0), and the second argument is interpreted as a mask image. :param mask: An optional mask image. Nrrz,cannot determine region size; use 4-item boxr)� ImageColorrCrE�RGBa)rr)rErM)r,rXrLr�rmr�r`rLr�rKr�rr)r��paste)r�r)rrJrLrLrrr rN�s4($ zImage.pastecCs�t|ttf�std��t|ttf�s,td��t|�dkr@td��t|�dksTtd��t|�dkrhtd��t|�dkr~||j}|d|jkr�|}n |j|�}||d|j|d |j f}|d |jkr�|}n |j|�}t ||�}|j||�d S)a-'In-place' analog of Image.alpha_composite. Composites an image onto this image. :param im: image to composite over this one :param dest: Optional 2 tuple (left, top) specifying the upper left corner in this (destination) image. :param source: Optional 2 (left, top) tuple for the upper left corner in the overlay source image, or 4 tuple (left, top, right, bottom) for the bounds of the source rectangle Performance Note: Not currently implemented in-place in the core layer. zSource must be a tuplezDestination must be a tuplerr&zSource must be a 2 or 4-tuplezDestination must be a 2-tuplerzSource must be non-negativerN)rr&)rr)rr)rmrrnr�rXr�rLrr�r��alpha_compositerN)r�r)�dest�sourceZoverlayrZ background�resultrrr rO6s* zImage.alpha_compositecs�|j�t�t�r�j|�St��rl|jdkrNt��\}}|j|jj ||��S�fdd�t d�D�|jj�|jdkr~td��|j|jj�|��S) a� Maps this image through a lookup table or function. :param lut: A lookup table, containing 256 (or 65536 if self.mode=="I" and mode == "L") values per band in the image. A function can be used instead, it should take a single argument. The function is called once for each possible pixel value, and the resulting table is applied to all bands of the image. It may also be an :py:class:`~PIL.Image.ImagePointHandler` object:: class Example(Image.ImagePointHandler): def point(self, data): # Return result :param mode: Output mode (default is same as input). In the current version, this can only be used if the source image has mode "L" or "P", and the output has mode "1" or the source image mode is "I" and the output mode is "L". :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. r@�I;16rAcsg|]}�|��qSrr)r�r�)�lutrr r��szImage.point..r�z+point operation not supported for this mode)r@rSrA) r�rm�ImagePointHandler�point�callablerKr�r�r)Zpoint_transformr�rVr�)r�rTrK�scale�offsetr)rTr rVds zImage.pointc Csb|j�|jdkr�y|t|j�d}y|jj|�WnHttfk rz}z(|jj|�}|jdkrdt|�||_WYdd}~XnXd|_|jj|_Wn,t k r�}ztd�|�WYdd}~XnX|jd kr�d}nd}t |��r|jdk�r�td��|j�|jd k�rN|jd �}n@y|jj||�Wn(ttfk �rHt d |j|�}YnXdS|jj|j|�dS)az Adds or replaces the alpha layer in this image. If the image does not have an alpha layer, it's converted to "LA" or "RGBA". The new layer must be either "L" or "1". :param alpha: The new alpha layer. This can either be an "L" or "1" image having the same size as this image, or an integer or other color value. r?r�rE�ANzillegal image moderrr=r>)r?r�rE)r?r�rE)r?r�)r=r>)r�rKrTr)Zsetmoderr�rr�rpr,r�Zfillbandr�rLZputband)r��alpharKrkr)r%rrr �putalpha�s< zImage.putalpha��?�cCs|j�|jj|||�dS)a Copies pixel data to this image. This method copies data from a sequence object into the image, starting at the upper left corner (0, 0), and continuing until either the image or the sequence ends. The scale and offset values are used to adjust the sequence values: **pixel = value*scale + offset**. :param data: A sequence object. :param scale: An optional scale value. The default is 1.0. :param offset: An optional offset value. The default is 0.0. N)r�r)�putdata)r�rrXrYrrr r_�s z Image.putdatarCcCs�ddlm}|jdkrtd��t||j�r<|j|j|j�}nt|t�sNt|�}|j||�}d|jkrhdnd|_||_d |j_|j �d S)as Attaches a palette to this image. The image must be a "P", "PA", "L" or "LA" image. The palette sequence must contain at most 256 colors, made up of one integer value for each channel in the raw mode. For example, if the raw mode is "RGB", then it can contain at most 768 values, made up of red, green and blue values for the corresponding pixel index in the 256 colors. If the raw mode is "RGBA", then it can contain at most 1024 values, containing red, green, blue and alpha values. Alternatively, an 8-bit string may be used instead of an integer sequence. :param data: A palette sequence (either a list or a string). :param rawmode: The raw mode of the palette. Either "RGB", "RGBA", or a mode that can be transformed to "RGB" (e.g. "R", "BGR;15", "RGBA;L"). r)r�r>r?rBr�zillegal image moderZrCN)r>r?rBr�) r`r�rKr�rmr�r�r�r�r�)r�rr�r�r�rrr r��s zImage.putpalettecCsj|jr|j�|j�|jr*|jj||�S|jdkr\t|ttf�r\t |�dkr\|j j||�}|jj||�S)a� Modifies the pixel at the given position. The color is given as a single numerical value for single-band images, and a tuple for multi-band images. In addition to this, RGB and RGBA tuples are accepted for P images. Note that this method is relatively slow. For more extensive changes, use :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.paste` or the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw` module instead. See: * :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.paste` * :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.putdata` * :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw` :param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y). See :ref:`coordinate-system`. :param value: The pixel value. rBrr&)rr&) r�r�r�r�r�rKrmrrnrXr�r�r))r�rFr}rrr r��s zImage.putpixelcCs&ddlm}|jdkrtd��|dkrd|jdkrN|j�|jjd�dd�}ntd d �td�D��}d}dgd }x8t |�D],\}}|||d|dd�7}|||<q|Wt|�}|j �} d| _|jd|dd�| _| jjd| jj ��| jd�} |dt|�d} | j| �|jd|d�| _| S)ae Rewrites the image to reorder the palette. :param dest_map: A list of indexes into the original palette. e.g. ``[1,0]`` would swap a two item palette, and ``list(range(256))`` is the identity transform. :param source_palette: Bytes or None. :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. r)r�r>rBzillegal image modeNrCicss|]}|dVqdS)rNr)r�r�rrr r�6sz&Image.remap_palette..r�rr�r)r�zRGB;L�)r>rB)r`r�rKr�r�r)r�� bytearrayr�r�r�r�r�r�rrX)r�Zdest_mapZsource_paletter�Z palette_bytesZ new_positionsr�ZoldPositionZmapping_paletteZm_imZnew_palette_bytesrrr � remap_palette!s. zImage.remap_palettec Cs�t|d}|d|d|d}|d|d|d}||}||}tdt|d|��tdt|d|��t|jdtj|d|��t|jdtj|d|��fS)z�Expands the box so it includes adjacent pixels that may be used by resampling with the given resampling filter. g�?rrrr)�_filters_supportr�r�r�rL�math�ceil) r�rL�resamplerZfilter_supportZscale_xZscale_yZ support_xZ support_yrrr � _get_safe_boxgszImage._get_safe_boxc Csp|dkr d|jk}|rtnt}n||ttttttfkr�d|�d�}dd�tdftdftd ftd ftdftdffD�}t|d dj|dd��d|d��|dk r�|dkr�td��t |�}|dkr�d |j }nt |�}|j |ko�|d!|j k�r�|j�S|jd"k�r t}|jd#k�rP|tk�rP|jddd�|j�}|j |||�}|j|j�S|j�|dk �rZ|tk�rZt|d|d|d|��p�d} t|d|d|d|��p�d} | dk�s�| dk�rZ|j|||�}| | f}t|j��r�|j||d�}ntj|||d�}|d|d| |d|d| |d|d| |d|d| f}|j|jj |||��S)$aL Returns a resized copy of this image. :param size: The requested size in pixels, as a 2-tuple: (width, height). :param resample: An optional resampling filter. This can be one of :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.BOX`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.HAMMING`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC` or :py:data:`PIL.Image.LANCZOS`. If the image has mode "1" or "P", it is always set to :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`. If the image mode specifies a number of bits, such as "I;16", then the default filter is :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`. Otherwise, the default filter is :py:data:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. See: :ref:`concept-filters`. :param box: An optional 4-tuple of floats providing the source image region to be scaled. The values must be within (0, 0, width, height) rectangle. If omitted or None, the entire source is used. :param reducing_gap: Apply optimization by resizing the image in two steps. First, reducing the image by integer times using :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.reduce`. Second, resizing using regular resampling. The last step changes size no less than by ``reducing_gap`` times. ``reducing_gap`` may be None (no first step is performed) or should be greater than 1.0. The bigger ``reducing_gap``, the closer the result to the fair resampling. The smaller ``reducing_gap``, the faster resizing. With ``reducing_gap`` greater or equal to 3.0, the result is indistinguishable from fair resampling in most cases. The default value is None (no optimization). :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. N�;zUnknown resampling filter (z).cSs g|]}dj|d|d��qS)z{} ({})rr)r�)r�rrrr r��sz Image.resize..z Image.NEARESTz Image.LANCZOSzImage.BILINEARz Image.BICUBICz Image.BOXz Image.HAMMINGz Use z, rz or g�?z#reducing_gap must be 1.0 or greaterrr=rBr?rE�LarM)r?rErr)r��rj)rr)rr)r=rB)r?rE)rK�NEAREST�BICUBIC�BILINEAR�LANCZOS�BOX�HAMMINGr�r�rnrLr�r�resizer�r�rgrW�reducer�r�r)) r�rLrfr�reducing_gapZtype_special�message�filtersr)Zfactor_xZfactor_yZ reduce_box�factorrrr rqxsV# (&&zImage.resizecCs�t|ttf�s||f}|dkr*d |j}nt|�}|d krP|d|jkrP|j�S|jdkr�|jddd�|j�}|j||�}|j|j�S|j�|j |j j||��S) a! Returns a copy of the image reduced ``factor`` times. If the size of the image is not dividable by ``factor``, the resulting size will be rounded up. :param factor: A greater than 0 integer or tuple of two integers for width and height separately. :param box: An optional 4-tuple of ints providing the source image region to be reduced. The values must be within ``(0, 0, width, height)`` rectangle. If omitted or ``None``, the entire source is used. Nrrr?rErirM)r?rE)rr)rr)rr)r?rE)rmrrnrLr�rKrrrr�r�r))r�rvrr)rrr rr�s zImage.reducecCs,|d}|p|s`|dkr |j�S|dkr2|jt�S|dkr`|sJ|j|jkr`|j|dkrZtnt�S|j\}}|dkrxd} n|} |dkr�|d|df} n|} tj |�}t tj|�d�t tj|�d�d t tj|�d�t tj|�d�d g}d d�}|| d| d| d| d|�\|d <|d<|d | d7<|d| d7<|�rg} g}xJd|df||fd|ffD].\}}||||�\}}| j |�|j |��qtWtjt| ��tjt| ��}tjt|��tjt|��}|||d||d|�\|d <|d<||}}|j||ft|||d�S)a� Returns a rotated copy of this image. This method returns a copy of this image, rotated the given number of degrees counter clockwise around its centre. :param angle: In degrees counter clockwise. :param resample: An optional resampling filter. This can be one of :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (use nearest neighbour), :py:data:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR` (linear interpolation in a 2x2 environment), or :py:data:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC` (cubic spline interpolation in a 4x4 environment). If omitted, or if the image has mode "1" or "P", it is set to :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`. See :ref:`concept-filters`. :param expand: Optional expansion flag. If true, expands the output image to make it large enough to hold the entire rotated image. If false or omitted, make the output image the same size as the input image. Note that the expand flag assumes rotation around the center and no translation. :param center: Optional center of rotation (a 2-tuple). Origin is the upper left corner. Default is the center of the image. :param translate: An optional post-rotate translation (a 2-tuple). :param fillcolor: An optional color for area outside the rotated image. :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. g�v@r��Z�Ng@�gc Ss8|\}}}}}}||||||||||fS)Nr) rHrIr�r�r�r�r�rkr�rrr � transformQszImage.rotate..transformrrr-)� fillcolor)rxry)rr)rr)r�� transpose� ROTATE_180r�r�� ROTATE_90� ROTATE_270rLrd�radiansr�cos�sinr�rer��floorr�r{�AFFINE)r�Zanglerfr�center� translater|�wr#Z post_transZrotn_centerr�r{Zxx�yyrHrI�nwZnhrrr �rotate�sN" 2" , zImage.rotatec Ks�d}d}t|t�r t|�}d}n>t|�r2|}d}n,|tjkr^ytjj}Wntk r\YnX|r~t|d�r~t|j �r~|j }|j �|jdd�}||_f|_ t�tjj|�dj�}|�s|tkr�t�yt|}Wn4tk �r}ztd|��|�WYdd}~XnX|j�tk�r"t�|�r6t|j�} nt|j�} |�rp|jd d��rdtj|d �}ntj|d�}z| |||�Wd|�r�|j�XdS)a� Saves this image under the given filename. If no format is specified, the format to use is determined from the filename extension, if possible. 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The file may have been created, and may contain partial data. r`FTr�save_allrzunknown file extension: Nr�zr+bzw+b)rmrr�r�sys�stdout�bufferrr*rr��popZencoderinfoZ encoderconfigrcr��path�splitext�lower� EXTENSIONrlrpr��upperrj�SAVE_ALLr��builtins�openr�) r�r�r��paramsr�Zopen_fpr��extrkZsave_handlerrrr r�nsR "z Image.savecCs|dkrt�dS)a0 Seeks to the given frame in this sequence file. If you seek beyond the end of the sequence, the method raises an ``EOFError`` exception. When a sequence file is opened, the library automatically seeks to frame 0. See :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.tell`. If defined, :attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.n_frames` refers to the number of available frames. :param frame: Frame number, starting at 0. :exception EOFError: If the call attempts to seek beyond the end of the sequence. rN)�EOFError)r��framerrr �seek�sz Image.seekcCs&|dk rtjdt�t|||d�dS)a� Displays this image. This method is mainly intended for debugging purposes. This method calls :py:func:`PIL.ImageShow.show` internally. You can use :py:func:`PIL.ImageShow.register` to override its default behaviour. The image is first saved to a temporary file. By default, it will be in PNG format. On Unix, the image is then opened using the **display**, **eog** or **xv** utility, depending on which one can be found. On macOS, the image is opened with the native Preview application. On Windows, the image is opened with the standard PNG display utility. :param title: Optional title to use for the image window, where possible. Nz}The command parameter is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 9 (2022-01-02). Use a subclass of ImageShow.Viewer instead.)�title�command)rrr�_show)r�r�r�rrr �show�s z Image.showcCs:|j�|jjdkr |j�g}nt|j|jj��}t|�S)a� Split this image into individual bands. This method returns a tuple of individual image bands from an image. 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If defined, :attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.n_frames` refers to the number of available frames. :returns: Frame number, starting with 0. rr)r�rrr �tell" s z Image.tellg@csttj|�\��|jkr(�|jkr(dSdd�}|j|j��krd|��fdd�d��n|��fdd�d��f}d}|dk r�|jd|d||d |f�}|dk r�|d }|j|kr�|j||||d �}|j|_||_ |jj |_ d|_d|_dS)a. Make this image into a thumbnail. This method modifies the image to contain a thumbnail version of itself, no larger than the given size. This method calculates an appropriate thumbnail size to preserve the aspect of the image, calls the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.draft` method to configure the file reader (where applicable), and finally resizes the image. Note that this function modifies the :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object in place. If you need to use the full resolution image as well, apply this method to a :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.copy` of the original image. :param size: Requested size. :param resample: Optional resampling filter. This can be one of :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.BOX`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.HAMMING`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC` or :py:data:`PIL.Image.LANCZOS`. If omitted, it defaults to :py:data:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. (was :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` prior to version 2.5.0). See: :ref:`concept-filters`. :param reducing_gap: Apply optimization by resizing the image in two steps. First, reducing the image by integer times using :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.reduce` or :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.draft` for JPEG images. Second, resizing using regular resampling. The last step changes size no less than by ``reducing_gap`` times. ``reducing_gap`` may be None (no first step is performed) or should be greater than 1.0. The bigger ``reducing_gap``, the closer the result to the fair resampling. The smaller ``reducing_gap``, the faster resizing. With ``reducing_gap`` greater or equal to 3.0, the result is indistinguishable from fair resampling in most cases. The default value is 2.0 (very close to fair resampling while still being faster in many cases). :returns: None NcSs tttj|�tj|�|d�d�S)N)�keyr)r�r�rdr�re)�numberr�rrr �round_aspectX sz%Image.thumbnail..round_aspectcst�|��S)N)r)�n)�aspectrIrr �^ sz!Image.thumbnail..)r�cs|dkrdSt��|�S)Nr)r)r�)r�rHrr r�a srr)rrs) r�rdr�r�r�rrLrqr)r�rKr�r�)r�rLrfrsr�r�resr)r)r�rHrIr � thumbnail- s,' zImage.thumbnailc Cs|jdkr@|tkr@|jddd�|j�j||||||�j|j�St|t�r\|j||||d�St|d�rr|j�\}}|dkr�td ��t |j||�}|jd kr�|j r�|j j�|_ |jj�|_|t kr�xF|D] \}} |j||t| ||dk�q�Wn|jd ||||||dk�|S)at Transforms this image. This method creates a new image with the given size, and the same mode as the original, and copies data to the new image using the given transform. :param size: The output size. :param method: The transformation method. This is one of :py:data:`PIL.Image.EXTENT` (cut out a rectangular subregion), :py:data:`PIL.Image.AFFINE` (affine transform), :py:data:`PIL.Image.PERSPECTIVE` (perspective transform), :py:data:`PIL.Image.QUAD` (map a quadrilateral to a rectangle), or :py:data:`PIL.Image.MESH` (map a number of source quadrilaterals in one operation). It may also be an :py:class:`~PIL.Image.ImageTransformHandler` object:: class Example(Image.ImageTransformHandler): def transform(self, size, data, resample, fill=1): # Return result It may also be an object with a ``method.getdata`` method that returns a tuple supplying new ``method`` and ``data`` values:: class Example: def getdata(self): method = Image.EXTENT data = (0, 0, 100, 100) return method, data :param data: Extra data to the transformation method. :param resample: Optional resampling filter. It can be one of :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (use nearest neighbour), :py:data:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR` (linear interpolation in a 2x2 environment), or :py:data:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC` (cubic spline interpolation in a 4x4 environment). If omitted, or if the image has mode "1" or "P", it is set to :py:data:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`. See: :ref:`concept-filters`. :param fill: If ``method`` is an :py:class:`~PIL.Image.ImageTransformHandler` object, this is one of the arguments passed to it. Otherwise, it is unused. :param fillcolor: Optional fill color for the area outside the transform in the output image. :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. r?rErirM)r?rE)rf�fillr�Nzmissing method datarBr)r?rE)rr)rKrkrr{rm�ImageTransformHandlerr*r�r�r�r�r�r��MESH�_Image__transformer�QUAD) r�rLrrrfr�r|r)rZquadrrr r{w s(0 zImage.transformc CsD|d|d}|d|d}|tkr8|dd�}�n8|tkrz|\} } }}|| |} || |}t}| d| d|| f}n�|tkr�|dd�}n�|tk�rh|dd�}|dd�}|dd�}|dd�}|\} } d|}d|}| |d| ||d| ||d|d|d| ||| |d| ||d| ||d|d|d| ||f}ntd ��|tttfk�r|tt t fk�r�td t dt di|d |�d�}nd|�d�}dd�tdftdftdffD�}t|ddj|dd��d|d��|j�|j�|j dk�r(t}|jj||j||||�dS)Nrrrrr.�r&g�?zunknown transformation methodz Image.BOXz Image.HAMMINGzImage.LANCZOS/Image.ANTIALIASz (z) cannot be used.zUnknown resampling filter (z).cSs g|]}dj|d|d��qS)z{} ({})rr)r�)r�rrrr r�� sz'Image.__transformer..z Image.NEARESTzImage.BILINEARz Image.BICUBICz Use z, z or r=rBrjrj)r=rB)r��EXTENT�PERSPECTIVEr�r�rkrmrlrorprnr�r�rKr)Z transform2)r�rr�rrrfr�r�r#rrrrZxsZysr��sw�se�neZAsZAtrtrurrr Z __transformer� s^ "((zImage.__transformercCs|j�|j|jj|��S)a� Transpose image (flip or rotate in 90 degree steps) :param method: One of :py:data:`PIL.Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_90`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_180`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_270`, :py:data:`PIL.Image.TRANSPOSE` or :py:data:`PIL.Image.TRANSVERSE`. :returns: Returns a flipped or rotated copy of this image. )r�r�r)r})r�rrrr r} szImage.transposecCs|j�|j|jj|��S)zj Randomly spread pixels in an image. :param distance: Distance to spread pixels. )r�r�r)� effect_spread)r�Zdistancerrr r� szImage.effect_spreadcCs$ddlm}|jstd��|j|�S)z#Returns a QImage copy of this imager)�ImageQtzQt bindings are not installed)r`r��qt_is_installedrb�toqimage)r�r�rrr r�' szImage.toqimagecCs$ddlm}|jstd��|j|�S)z$Returns a QPixmap copy of this imager)r�zQt bindings are not installed)r`r�r�rb� toqpixmap)r�r�rrr r�/ szImage.toqpixmap)NN)N)r�)r�)r�)r�NrNr)N)N)r�)N)NN)NN)NN�rr�rr)r�r�)N)r]r^)rC)N)NNN)N)N)NN)Qrr#r$�__doc__r�Zformat_descriptionZ!_close_exclusive_fp_after_loadingr�r!�propertyr�r�rLr�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r��WEBrr�r��__copy__rr rrrrr r"r�r&r8rCrEr�rrGr!rKrNrOrVr\r_r�r�rbrgrqrrrkr�r�r�r�r)r�r�rlr�r{r�r}r�r�r�rrrr r��s� + 0O C P . .6 "& F b $l X KOI r�c@seZdZdZdS)rUzb Used as a mixin by point transforms (for use with :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.point`) N)rr#r$r�rrrr rU< srUc@seZdZdZdS)r�zi Used as a mixin by geometry transforms (for use with :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.transform`) N)rr#r$r�rrrr r�E sr�cCst�jtjd��S)z+Create greyscale wedge (for debugging only)r>)r�r�rrZwedgerrrr �_wedgeU sr�cCsNt|ttf�std��t|�dkr*td��|ddksB|ddkrJtd��dS)z� Common check to enforce type and sanity check on size tuples :param size: Should be a 2 tuple of (width, height) :returns: True, or raises a ValueError zSize must be a tuplerz Size must be a tuple of length 2rrzWidth and height must be >= 0T)rmrrnr�rX)rLrrr �_check_size[ sr�cCs�t|�|dkr$t�jtj||��St|t�rFddlm}|j ||�}t�}|dkr�t|t tf�r�t|�dkr�ddlm }|j �|_|jj |�}|jtj|||��S) a� Creates a new image with the given mode and size. :param mode: The mode to use for the new image. See: :ref:`concept-modes`. :param size: A 2-tuple, containing (width, height) in pixels. :param color: What color to use for the image. Default is black. If given, this should be a single integer or floating point value for single-band modes, and a tuple for multi-band modes (one value per band). When creating RGB images, you can also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module. If the color is None, the image is not initialised. :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. Nr)rLrBrr&)r�)rr&)r�r�r�rrr�rmr�r`rLr�rrnrXr�r�r�)rKrLZcolorrLr)r�rrr r�m s " r�r�cGsZt|�t|�dkr*t|dt�r*|d}|dkr>|fkr>|}t||�}|j|||�|S)a� Creates a copy of an image memory from pixel data in a buffer. In its simplest form, this function takes three arguments (mode, size, and unpacked pixel data). You can also use any pixel decoder supported by PIL. For more information on available decoders, see the section :ref:`Writing Your Own File Decoder `. Note that this function decodes pixel data only, not entire images. If you have an entire image in a string, wrap it in a :py:class:`~io.BytesIO` object, and use :py:func:`~PIL.Image.open` to load it. :param mode: The image mode. See: :ref:`concept-modes`. :param size: The image size. :param data: A byte buffer containing raw data for the given mode. :param decoder_name: What decoder to use. :param args: Additional parameters for the given decoder. :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. rrr�)r�rXrmrnr�r�)rKrLrrtrur)rrr r�� s r�cGs�t|�t|�dkr*t|dt�r*|d}|dkr||fkrD|ddf}|dtkr|t|d�}|jtj|||d|��}d|_ |St |||||�S)a� Creates an image memory referencing pixel data in a byte buffer. This function is similar to :py:func:`~PIL.Image.frombytes`, but uses data in the byte buffer, where possible. This means that changes to the original buffer object are reflected in this image). Not all modes can share memory; supported modes include "L", "RGBX", "RGBA", and "CMYK". Note that this function decodes pixel data only, not entire images. If you have an entire image file in a string, wrap it in a :py:class:`~io.BytesIO` object, and use :py:func:`~PIL.Image.open` to load it. In the current version, the default parameters used for the "raw" decoder differs from that used for :py:func:`~PIL.Image.frombytes`. This is a bug, and will probably be fixed in a future release. The current release issues a warning if you do this; to disable the warning, you should provide the full set of parameters. See below for details. :param mode: The image mode. See: :ref:`concept-modes`. :param size: The image size. :param data: A bytes or other buffer object containing raw data for the given mode. :param decoder_name: What decoder to use. :param args: Additional parameters for the given decoder. For the default encoder ("raw"), it's recommended that you provide the full set of parameters:: frombuffer(mode, size, data, "raw", mode, 0, 1) :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. .. versionadded:: 1.1.4 rrr�)rr)r�rXrmrn� _MAPMODESr�r�rrZ map_bufferr�r�)rKrLrrtrur)rrr � frombuffer� s# r�c$CsV|j}|d}t|�}|jdd�}|dkr�yd|dd�|df}Wn,tk rr}ztd�|�WYdd}~XnXyt|\}}Wq�tk r�}ztd|�|�WYdd}~Xq�Xn|}|dkr�d} n|dkr�d} nd} || k�r�td|�d| �d��|dk�r dn|d|df} |dk �rBt|d��r:|j�}n|j �}t || |d|dd�S)a� Creates an image memory from an object exporting the array interface (using the buffer protocol). If ``obj`` is not contiguous, then the ``tobytes`` method is called and :py:func:`~PIL.Image.frombuffer` is used. If you have an image in NumPy:: from PIL import Image import numpy as np im = Image.open('hopper.jpg') a = np.asarray(im) Then this can be used to convert it to a Pillow image:: im = Image.fromarray(a) :param obj: Object with array interface :param mode: Mode to use (will be determined from type if None) See: :ref:`concept-modes`. :returns: An image object. .. versionadded:: 1.1.6 r��stridesNrrr�zCannot handle this data typez$Cannot handle this data type: %s, %sr=r>r@rBrArCrr&zToo many dimensions: z > r�rr�r�)rr)r=r>r@rBrA)r�rXr�rpr��_fromarray_typemapr�r*r��tostringr�)�objrKr�r��ndimr�Ztypekeyrkr�ZndmaxrLrrr � fromarray� s6" r�cCs$ddlm}|jstd��|j|�S)z-Creates an image instance from a QImage imager)r�zQt bindings are not installed)r`r�r�rb� fromqimage)r)r�rrr r�+sr�cCs$ddlm}|jstd��|j|�S)z.Creates an image instance from a QPixmap imager)r�zQt bindings are not installed)r`r�r�rb�fromqpixmap)r)r�rrr r�4sr��1;8�|i1�I;8�I;16S�I;16BS�I;32�I;32B�I;32S�I;32BS�f4�F;32BF�f8�F;64BFr?cCshtdkrdS|d|d}|dtkrBtd|�ddt�d��|tkrdtjd|�dt�d�t�dS)NrrrzImage size (z pixels) exceeds limit of z0 pixels, could be decompression bomb DOS attack.)�MAX_IMAGE_PIXELSr%rrr")rLZpixelsrrr rYsr�rc sr|dkrtdt|��nt|tj�r0td��|dkr>t}nt|ttf�sTtd��d�d}t|t �rtt |j��}nt|�r�|}|r�t j|d�}d �y|jd �Wn,ttjfk r�tj|j��}d �YnX|jd�}t�g��fdd �}|||||�}|dk�r t��r |||||�}|�r0�|_|S��r>|j�x�D]}tj|��qDWtd|�rf|n|��dS)a` Opens and identifies the given image file. This is a lazy operation; this function identifies the file, but the file remains open and the actual image data is not read from the file until you try to process the data (or call the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method). See :py:func:`~PIL.Image.new`. See :ref:`file-handling`. :param fp: A filename (string), pathlib.Path object or a file object. The file object must implement ``file.read``, ``file.seek``, and ``file.tell`` methods, and be opened in binary mode. :param mode: The mode. If given, this argument must be "r". :param formats: A list or tuple of formats to attempt to load the file in. This can be used to restrict the set of formats checked. Pass ``None`` to try all supported formats. You can print the set of available formats by running ``python3 -m PIL`` or using the :py:func:`PIL.features.pilinfo` function. :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. :exception FileNotFoundError: If the file cannot be found. :exception PIL.UnidentifiedImageError: If the image cannot be opened and identified. :exception ValueError: If the ``mode`` is not "r", or if a ``StringIO`` instance is used for ``fp``. :exception TypeError: If ``formats`` is not ``None``, a list or a tuple. r�z bad mode zKStringIO cannot be used to open an image. Binary data must be used instead.Nzformats must be a list or tupleFr`�rbTr�c s�x�|D]�}|j�}|tkr t�y`t|\}}|p:||�}t|�ttgkrX�j|�n&|r~|jd�|||�}t|j �|SWqt ttt jfk r�wYqtk r��r�|j��YqXqWdS)Nr)r�rirl�typer�r�r�r�rrL�SyntaxError� IndexErrorr��struct�error� BaseExceptionr�) r�r��prefix�formatsr��factory�acceptrRr))�accept_warnings�exclusive_fprr � _open_core�s* zopen.._open_corezcannot identify image file %r)r��reprrmr��StringIO�IDrrnr�rr��resolverr�r�r�r�UnsupportedOperationr��readrcrlr�r�rrr)r�rKr�r�r�r�r)rtr)r�r�r r�msP r�cCs&|j�|j�|jtj|j|j��S)z� Alpha composite im2 over im1. :param im1: The first image. Must have mode RGBA. :param im2: The second image. 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